{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184365942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460824.3460826","title":"The Language of Engineering","display_name":"The Language of Engineering","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184365942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460824.3460826","mag":"3184365942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460824.3460826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460824.3460826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 3rd International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036520551","display_name":"Daniel Braun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8120-3368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"DANIEL BRAUN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045643660","display_name":"Oleksandra Klymenko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"OLEKSANDRA KLYMENKO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037301059","display_name":"Tim Schopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3849-0394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TIM SCHOPF","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037502776","display_name":"YUSUF KAAN AKAN","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YUSUF KAAN AKAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["ROKIN GmbH, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ROKIN GmbH, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022973212","display_name":"Florian Matthes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6667-5452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FLORIAN MATTHES","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036520551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68226972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word2vec","display_name":"Word2vec","score":0.956534743309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8244815468788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7637125253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7141035795211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6878892779350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.6861692667007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6107876896858215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5870341062545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.5474425554275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5409354567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.48418739438056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4639453887939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4435098171234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.44193336367607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3527274429798126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.31155163049697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11482405662536621}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22673982","display_name":"Word2vec","level":3,"score":0.956534743309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8244815468788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7637125253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7141035795211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6878892779350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.6861692667007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6107876896858215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5870341062545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.5474425554275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5409354567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.48418739438056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4639453887939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4435098171234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.44193336367607117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3527274429798126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.31155163049697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11482405662536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3460824.3460826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3460824.3460826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 3rd International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807399069","https://openalex.org/W2884229567","https://openalex.org/W2903938540","https://openalex.org/W2925605018","https://openalex.org/W2963923670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946409105","https://openalex.org/W3152932816","https://openalex.org/W2985392712","https://openalex.org/W4388996947","https://openalex.org/W3133567596","https://openalex.org/W2798009317","https://openalex.org/W4382201653","https://openalex.org/W3203949288","https://openalex.org/W2998070955","https://openalex.org/W3175524270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,57,109,137],"introduction":[2],"of":[3,13,33,51,60,111,139],"Word2Vec":[4],"in":[5,29,124,136],"2013,":[6],"so-called":[7],"word":[8],"embeddings,":[9],"dense":[10],"vector":[11,42],"representation":[12],"words":[14],"that":[15,65,102,116],"are":[16,46,77],"supposed":[17],"to":[18,56,68,132],"capture":[19],"their":[20],"semantic":[21],"meaning,":[22],"have":[23,80],"become":[24],"a":[25,30,98,118],"universally":[26],"applied":[27,78],"technique":[28],"wide":[31],"range":[32],"Natural":[34],"Language":[35],"Processing":[36],"(NLP)":[37],"tasks":[38,127],"and":[39,62,128],"domains.":[40],"The":[41],"representations":[43],"they":[44],"provide":[45],"learned":[47],"on":[48,83,106],"huge":[49],"corpora":[50],"unlabeled":[52],"text":[53],"data.":[54],"Due":[55],"large":[58],"amount":[59],"data":[61,86],"computing":[63],"power":[64],"is":[66,103],"necessary":[67],"train":[69],"such":[70,117],"embedding":[71,100],"models,":[72],"very":[73],"often,":[74],"pre-trained":[75],"models":[76],"which":[79],"been":[81],"trained":[82,104],"domain":[84,110,138],"unspecific":[85],"like":[87],"newspaper":[88],"articles":[89],"or":[90],"Wikipedia":[91],"entries.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"paper,":[95],"we":[96],"present":[97],"domain-specific":[99,119],"model":[101,121],"exclusively":[105],"texts":[107],"from":[108],"engineering.":[112],"We":[113],"will":[114],"show":[115],"embeddings":[120],"performs":[122],"better":[123],"different":[125],"NLP":[126],"can":[129],"therefore":[130],"help":[131],"improve":[133],"NLP-based":[134],"AI":[135],"Engineering.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}