{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173709536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460708","title":"Would You Rather: A Focus Group Method for Eliciting and Discussing Formative Design Insights with Children","display_name":"Would You Rather: A Focus Group Method for Eliciting and Discussing Formative Design Insights with Children","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173709536","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460708","mag":"3173709536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459990.3460708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460708","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3459990.3460708","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418951","display_name":"Interaction Design and Children","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interaction Design and Children","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3459990.3460708","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030968888","display_name":"Lucy Simko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2191-1332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Simko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003916482","display_name":"Britnie Chin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Britnie Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053867997","display_name":"Sungmin Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5370-4093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungmin Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023259865","display_name":"Harkiran Kaur Saluja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harkiran Kaur Saluja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information School University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information School University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027567540","display_name":"Tian Qi Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Qi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Centered Design & Engineering University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Centered Design & Engineering University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026130910","display_name":"Tadayoshi Kohno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4899-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadayoshi Kohno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engineering University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074077266","display_name":"Alexis Hiniker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-0778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexis Hiniker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information School University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information School University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074349824","display_name":"Jason Yip","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-0670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Yip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information School University of Washington, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information School University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074224778","display_name":"Camille Cobb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-8250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camille Cobb","raw_affiliation_strings":["CyLab Carnegie Mellon University, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CyLab Carnegie Mellon University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030968888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4949,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80964153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"131","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12679","display_name":"Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.8203940391540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.7935740947723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus-group","display_name":"Focus group","score":0.6867468357086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6124776601791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5921595096588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.48695430159568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45965948700904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wizard-of-oz","display_name":"Wizard of oz","score":0.4543555974960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.450411319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3914986550807953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3728795647621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3680014908313751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33406710624694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.31042182445526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.12216296792030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09556296467781067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.8203940391540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.7935740947723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.6867468357086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6124776601791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5921595096588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.48695430159568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45965948700904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987423310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18159725","display_name":"Wizard of oz","level":2,"score":0.4543555974960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.450411319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3914986550807953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3728795647621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3680014908313751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33406710624694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.31042182445526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.12216296792030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09556296467781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459990.3460708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460708","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3459990.3460708","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418951","display_name":"Interaction Design and Children","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interaction Design and Children","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459990.3460708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460708","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3459990.3460708","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418951","display_name":"Interaction Design and Children","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interaction Design and Children","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3820322606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1565252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6857947163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1565252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322261","display_name":"Jacobs Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03tj32a09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173709536.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173709536.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058834","https://openalex.org/W5048401","https://openalex.org/W46236141","https://openalex.org/W126774542","https://openalex.org/W602710656","https://openalex.org/W1274426204","https://openalex.org/W1508753152","https://openalex.org/W1535418185","https://openalex.org/W1548502819","https://openalex.org/W1578152990","https://openalex.org/W1605824561","https://openalex.org/W1774682829","https://openalex.org/W1970209023","https://openalex.org/W1972768802","https://openalex.org/W1984168890","https://openalex.org/W1986345213","https://openalex.org/W1991857593","https://openalex.org/W1994133656","https://openalex.org/W1994931507","https://openalex.org/W1995072497","https://openalex.org/W2003522562","https://openalex.org/W2015927619","https://openalex.org/W2021123264","https://openalex.org/W2034226048","https://openalex.org/W2034890480","https://openalex.org/W2034891473","https://openalex.org/W2035599443","https://openalex.org/W2045674914","https://openalex.org/W2074023888","https://openalex.org/W2075335351","https://openalex.org/W2078250442","https://openalex.org/W2079227486","https://openalex.org/W2085022598","https://openalex.org/W2091012486","https://openalex.org/W2097359613","https://openalex.org/W2106309257","https://openalex.org/W2110875219","https://openalex.org/W2115903714","https://openalex.org/W2119797181","https://openalex.org/W2120660436","https://openalex.org/W2133883169","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2137576942","https://openalex.org/W2142048592","https://openalex.org/W2157836407","https://openalex.org/W2163102090","https://openalex.org/W2164810125","https://openalex.org/W2307559344","https://openalex.org/W2517927434","https://openalex.org/W2611822934","https://openalex.org/W2684774892","https://openalex.org/W2699813673","https://openalex.org/W2773560169","https://openalex.org/W2795720226","https://openalex.org/W2887480330","https://openalex.org/W2925515791","https://openalex.org/W2942216755","https://openalex.org/W2996704568","https://openalex.org/W2999429616","https://openalex.org/W3017863658","https://openalex.org/W4230331132","https://openalex.org/W4243384190","https://openalex.org/W4247951004","https://openalex.org/W6834781518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W609482051","https://openalex.org/W3199325201","https://openalex.org/W2792035366","https://openalex.org/W4386050096","https://openalex.org/W2360976019","https://openalex.org/W2906881146","https://openalex.org/W2351166673","https://openalex.org/W2390109066","https://openalex.org/W2002537515","https://openalex.org/W2349355552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Would":[0],"you":[1],"rather":[2],"go":[3],"1000":[4],"days":[5,11],"without":[6],"the":[7,33,37,50,71,81,92],"Internet":[8],"or":[9],"five":[10],"where":[12],"anyone":[13],"can":[14],"read":[15],"your":[16],"mind?":[17],"We":[18,97],"present":[19],"\u201cWould":[20],"You":[21],"Rather\u201d":[22],"(WYR),":[23],"a":[24,53],"technique":[25,82],"for":[26,103],"generating":[27],"formative":[28],"design":[29,42],"insights":[30],"(inspired":[31],"by":[32],"conversational":[34],"game":[35],"of":[36,52,80,94,130],"same":[38],"name)":[39],"that":[40,99],"combines":[41],"provocations":[43],"with":[44,83,132],"forced-choice":[45],"scaffolding.":[46],"Here,":[47],"we":[48,74],"describe":[49],"components":[51],"WYR":[54,100],"session,":[55],"which":[56],"include":[57],"scenario":[58],"generation,":[59],"voting,":[60],"and":[61,90,110,117,122],"group":[62],"discussion.":[63],"As":[64],"children":[65],"disproportionately":[66],"benefit":[67],"from":[68],"scaffolding":[69],"during":[70],"co-design":[72],"process,":[73],"also":[75],"report":[76],"on":[77],"an":[78],"evaluation":[79],"16":[84],"children,":[85],"conducted":[86],"across":[87],"seven":[88],"sessions":[89],"spanning":[91],"course":[93],"one":[95],"year.":[96],"find":[98],"fulfills":[101],"recommendations":[102],"focus":[104],"groups":[105],"(e.g.":[106],"eliciting":[107],"mental":[108],"models":[109],"values,":[111],"producing":[112],"focused":[113],"yet":[114],"animated":[115],"discussion)":[116],"leverages":[118],"playfulness,":[119],"humor,":[120],"structure,":[121],"forced":[123],"choice":[124],"to":[125],"overcome":[126],"known":[127],"common":[128],"challenges":[129],"designing":[131],"children.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}