{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209195779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3481956","title":"Toward an Effective Black-Box Adversarial Attack on Functional JavaScript Malware against Commercial Anti-Virus","display_name":"Toward an Effective Black-Box Adversarial Attack on Functional JavaScript Malware against Commercial Anti-Virus","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209195779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3481956","mag":"3209195779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3481956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3481956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043529733","display_name":"Yun-Da Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5385-4660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Da Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Roc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Roc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085552447","display_name":"Cheng-Kuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ChengKuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Roc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Roc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087480257","display_name":"Shou-De Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-1250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shou-De Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Roc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Roc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043529733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55463151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4165","last_page":"4172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.9258372783660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8003284931182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.7996652126312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.7109055519104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6522085070610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","score":0.5795205235481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-virus","display_name":"Computer virus","score":0.5544572472572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5291652679443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.5102622509002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5005948543548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.494274377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22561466693878174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.9258372783660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8003284931182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.7996652126312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.7109055519104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6522085070610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.5795205235481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19407854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485","display_name":"Computer virus","level":2,"score":0.5544572472572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5291652679443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.5102622509002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5005948543548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.494274377822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22561466693878174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3459637.3481956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3481956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545528966","https://openalex.org/W1893133781","https://openalex.org/W1970867218","https://openalex.org/W2021963610","https://openalex.org/W2057787526","https://openalex.org/W2066220442","https://openalex.org/W2476429474","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2574797807","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2620249506","https://openalex.org/W2632775315","https://openalex.org/W2744095836","https://openalex.org/W2963106521","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2964153729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287664162","https://openalex.org/W3025127859","https://openalex.org/W3087706721","https://openalex.org/W4286587341","https://openalex.org/W2803161327","https://openalex.org/W2026054276","https://openalex.org/W2900526031","https://openalex.org/W2171726649","https://openalex.org/W4296272594","https://openalex.org/W3102852402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"a":[4,46,81],"rising":[5],"technique":[6],"in":[7,14],"signatureless":[8],"malware":[9,68,77],"detection":[10],"and":[11,54,73,99,110],"is":[12,26,51],"popular":[13],"the":[15,19,88,101],"anti-virus":[16,72,83,95],"industry.":[17],"Despite":[18],"powerful":[20],"ability":[21],"of":[22,90,103],"machine":[23],"learning,":[24],"it":[25],"known":[27],"to":[28,31],"be":[29],"vulnerable":[30],"attack":[32,48,118],"by":[33,80],"injecting":[34],"specially":[35],"crafted":[36],"input":[37],"noise":[38],"(adversarial":[39],"example).":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,114],"develop":[45],"systematic":[47],"method":[49,106],"that":[50,65],"effective,":[52],"general":[53],"also":[55],"efficient":[56],"which":[57],"automatically":[58],"generates":[59],"functional":[60],"malware.":[61],"Experiment":[62],"results":[63],"showed":[64],"such":[66],"adversarial":[67],"could":[69,119],"deceive":[70],"commercial":[71],"completely":[74],"defeat":[75],"learning-based":[76],"detector":[78],"provided":[79],"well-known":[82],"vendor.":[84],"We":[85],"further":[86],"examine":[87],"effectiveness":[89],"our":[91,104,117],"approach":[92],"on":[93,97],"multiple":[94],"engines":[96],"VirusTotal":[98],"investigate":[100],"transferability":[102],"proposed":[105],"between":[107],"different":[108],"features":[109],"classification":[111],"algorithms.":[112],"Finally,":[113],"show":[115],"how":[116],"resist":[120],"JavaScript":[121],"de-obfuscation":[122],"techniques.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
