{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138849778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449054","title":"The worsening state of ransomware","display_name":"The worsening state of ransomware","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138849778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449054","mag":"3138849778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011917757","display_name":"Samuel Greengard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800704394","display_name":"Copiah-Lincoln Community College","ror":"https://ror.org/02kc2j595","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800704394"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Greengard","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Linn, OR"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Linn, OR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800704394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011917757"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800704394"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82481406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"4","first_page":"15","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.98665452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5681069493293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5612547397613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5304262638092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4474961459636688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.2195330262184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10965797305107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07728156447410583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.98665452003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5681069493293762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5612547397613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5304262638092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4474961459636688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.2195330262184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10965797305107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07728156447410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3449054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3449054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3201228709","https://openalex.org/W2922354075","https://openalex.org/W4389157351","https://openalex.org/W4253977752","https://openalex.org/W2964829536","https://openalex.org/W3120595989","https://openalex.org/W4232561318","https://openalex.org/W2904586340","https://openalex.org/W4224941017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sophisticated,":[0],"dangerous":[1],"ransomware":[2],"is":[3,10],"the":[4],"new":[5],"normal":[6],"\u2026":[7],"and":[8],"there":[9],"no":[11],"simple":[12],"fix.":[13]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
