{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046697300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3387514.3405879","title":"Lyra","display_name":"Lyra","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046697300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3387514.3405879","mag":"3046697300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3387514.3405879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3387514.3405879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050612924","display_name":"Jiaqi Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-2030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group and Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group and Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103040133","display_name":"Ennan Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4352-7497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ennan Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014959077","display_name":"Hongqiang Harry Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-8537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongqiang Harry Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063330831","display_name":"Rui Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-7815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055714653","display_name":"Yu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-0906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group and Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group and Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091547804","display_name":"Bingchuan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-5772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingchuan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group and Nanjing University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group and Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722240","display_name":"Chen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-2350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043589586","display_name":"Dennis Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7272-8143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025505902","display_name":"Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4145-5389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095624","display_name":"Alibaba Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rn0m335","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095624"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035157838","display_name":"Minlan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minlan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050612924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210095624"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96903115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"435","last_page":"450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8272156715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6762623190879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5884968042373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4303603172302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3903473913669586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3876253664493561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3836174011230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.35333341360092163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8272156715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6762623190879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5884968042373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4303603172302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3903473913669586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3876253664493561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3836174011230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.35333341360092163}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3387514.3405879","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3387514.3405879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1435603161","https://openalex.org/W1590488181","https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W1998471240","https://openalex.org/W2047339217","https://openalex.org/W2099501333","https://openalex.org/W2130210899","https://openalex.org/W2134519279","https://openalex.org/W2253297209","https://openalex.org/W2256352919","https://openalex.org/W2283556750","https://openalex.org/W2465793152","https://openalex.org/W2557702138","https://openalex.org/W2576670572","https://openalex.org/W2743093301","https://openalex.org/W2744693751","https://openalex.org/W2754907853","https://openalex.org/W2761338514","https://openalex.org/W2764015261","https://openalex.org/W2878215196","https://openalex.org/W2902142948","https://openalex.org/W2912321846","https://openalex.org/W2968108410","https://openalex.org/W2986235081","https://openalex.org/W2986715885","https://openalex.org/W3013245059","https://openalex.org/W3046227456","https://openalex.org/W4234045312","https://openalex.org/W4253731216","https://openalex.org/W4255282609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096456556","https://openalex.org/W4240253816","https://openalex.org/W2169584677","https://openalex.org/W2979513934","https://openalex.org/W4232954277","https://openalex.org/W2020341030","https://openalex.org/W2749133591","https://openalex.org/W2367473450","https://openalex.org/W23346600","https://openalex.org/W2460280200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programmable":[0],"data":[1,9,36,70,94],"plane":[2,37,71],"has":[3],"been":[4],"moving":[5],"towards":[6],"deployments":[7],"in":[8,19,41,73,92,120],"centers":[10],"as":[11,25],"mainstream":[12],"vendors":[13],"of":[14,117,127,141,155,191],"switching":[15],"ASICs":[16],"enable":[17],"programmability":[18],"their":[20,111],"newly":[21],"launched":[22,148],"products,":[23],"such":[24],"Broadcom's":[26],"Trident-4,":[27],"Intel/Barefoot's":[28],"Tofino,":[29],"and":[30,47,49,63,68,129,161,174,185],"Cisco's":[31],"Silicon":[32],"One.":[33],"However,":[34],"current":[35],"programs":[38,72,170],"are":[39],"written":[40],"low-level,":[42],"chip-specific":[43,55,143],"languages":[44],"(e.g.,":[45],"P4":[46,173],"NPL)":[48],"thus":[50],"tightly":[51],"coupled":[52],"to":[53,65,105,109,132,180,187],"the":[54,80,90,118,151,156],"architecture.":[56],"As":[57],"a":[58,99,125],"result,":[59],"it":[60],"is":[61],"arduous":[62],"error-prone":[64],"develop,":[66],"maintain,":[67],"composite":[69],"production":[74],"networks.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"presents":[78],"Lyra,":[79],"first":[81],"cross-platform,":[82],"high-level":[83],"language":[84],"&":[85],"compiler":[86],"system":[87],"that":[88,102,145],"aids":[89],"programmers":[91,104],"programming":[93],"planes":[95],"efficiently.":[96],"Lyra":[97,122,164],"offers":[98],"one-big-pipeline":[100],"abstraction":[101],"allows":[103],"use":[106],"simple":[107],"statements":[108],"express":[110],"intent,":[112],"without":[113],"laboriously":[114],"taking":[115],"care":[116],"details":[119],"hardware;":[121],"also":[123,177],"proposes":[124],"set":[126],"synthesis":[128],"optimization":[130],"techniques":[131],"automatically":[133],"compile":[134],"this":[135],"\"big-pipeline\"":[136],"program":[137],"into":[138],"multiple":[139],"pieces":[140],"runnable":[142,168],"code":[144,192],"can":[146],"be":[147],"directly":[149],"on":[150],"individual":[152],"programmable":[153],"switches":[154],"target":[157],"network.":[158],"We":[159],"built":[160],"evaluated":[162],"Lyra.":[163],"not":[165],"only":[166],"generates":[167],"real-world":[169],"(in":[171],"both":[172],"NPL),":[175],"but":[176],"uses":[178],"up":[179,186],"87.5%":[181],"fewer":[182,189],"hardware":[183],"resources":[184],"78%":[188],"lines":[190],"than":[193],"human-written":[194],"programs.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-08-07T00:00:00"}
