{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110221271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384419.3430723","title":"X-MIMO","display_name":"X-MIMO","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110221271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384419.3430723","mag":"3110221271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3384419.3430723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384419.3430723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047862167","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061792318","display_name":"Woojae Jeong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woojae Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102940600","display_name":"Jinhwan Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-4206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhwan Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060033947","display_name":"Song Min Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-4008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Min Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047862167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1302,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78431239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"218","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8877607583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6190930604934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.5808501243591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.535713791847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.4988234043121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.426522433757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-software-radio-peripheral","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","score":0.41155263781547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.37831464409828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3449971079826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.321277379989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.26405245065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18708756566047668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8877607583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6190930604934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.5808501243591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.535713791847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4988234043121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.426522433757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192220659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1245659","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","level":3,"score":0.41155263781547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.37831464409828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3449971079826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.321277379989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.26405245065689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18708756566047668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3384419.3430723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3384419.3430723","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1966672755","https://openalex.org/W1994738996","https://openalex.org/W2037869946","https://openalex.org/W2044982963","https://openalex.org/W2075061127","https://openalex.org/W2088717366","https://openalex.org/W2103896836","https://openalex.org/W2113718734","https://openalex.org/W2121084490","https://openalex.org/W2141300224","https://openalex.org/W2150764210","https://openalex.org/W2151949275","https://openalex.org/W2162815059","https://openalex.org/W2166315371","https://openalex.org/W2171342189","https://openalex.org/W2181279676","https://openalex.org/W2311284863","https://openalex.org/W2314737463","https://openalex.org/W2481313625","https://openalex.org/W2495264776","https://openalex.org/W2524499899","https://openalex.org/W2525771685","https://openalex.org/W2561868861","https://openalex.org/W2604811893","https://openalex.org/W2624822259","https://openalex.org/W2625969058","https://openalex.org/W2763753824","https://openalex.org/W2790393518","https://openalex.org/W2790971667","https://openalex.org/W2807797415","https://openalex.org/W2848213586","https://openalex.org/W2889744664","https://openalex.org/W2892333608","https://openalex.org/W2895880589","https://openalex.org/W2896782758","https://openalex.org/W2901287183","https://openalex.org/W2910525641","https://openalex.org/W2919459160","https://openalex.org/W2920214379","https://openalex.org/W2926633330","https://openalex.org/W2927351132","https://openalex.org/W2944172587","https://openalex.org/W2948212865","https://openalex.org/W2949482420","https://openalex.org/W2963728985","https://openalex.org/W2967463980","https://openalex.org/W2970024426","https://openalex.org/W2972012289","https://openalex.org/W2979773572","https://openalex.org/W2979837779","https://openalex.org/W2982631202","https://openalex.org/W2983426205","https://openalex.org/W2986959419","https://openalex.org/W3003921919","https://openalex.org/W3047138664","https://openalex.org/W3162456902","https://openalex.org/W4229512196","https://openalex.org/W4231837520","https://openalex.org/W4232593608","https://openalex.org/W4289305285","https://openalex.org/W4289388418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141031289","https://openalex.org/W2216248654","https://openalex.org/W4385649691","https://openalex.org/W1578560935","https://openalex.org/W4200145345","https://openalex.org/W2514992191","https://openalex.org/W2140056236","https://openalex.org/W1624127656","https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W4381195711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-user":[0],"MIMO":[1],"(MU-MIMO)":[2],"is":[3,16,126,145],"a":[4,17,52],"widely-known,":[5],"fundamental":[6],"technique":[7],"to":[8,39,42,64,82,94,104,129,147],"significantly":[9],"improve":[10],"the":[11,37,43,61,66,69,84,106,112,116,130,133,149,157,208,212],"spectrum":[12,21,150],"efficiency.":[13],"While":[14],"there":[15],"great":[18],"demand":[19],"for":[20,36,57,177,199],"efficiency":[22],"and":[23,115,154,168,193,201],"massive":[24],"scalability":[25],"under":[26],"explosively":[27],"increasing":[28],"IoT,":[29,75],"hardware":[30],"limitations":[31],"make":[32],"it":[33],"particularly":[34],"challenging":[35],"mechanism":[38],"be":[40],"transferred":[41],"IoT":[44],"(e.g.,":[45],"ZigBee)":[46],"domain.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"presents":[50],"X-MIMO,":[51],"zero-cost,":[53],"software-only":[54],"cross-technology":[55,79],"MU-MIMO":[56,72,89],"commodity":[58,74,134,162],"ZigBee.":[59],"As":[60],"first":[62],"work":[63],"shed":[65],"light":[67],"on":[68,73,78,161,174],"feasibility":[70,213],"of":[71,111,132,159,207,214],"X-MIMO":[76,99,137,160,183],"leverages":[77],"communication":[80],"(CTC)":[81],"turn":[83],"pervasively-deployed":[85],"WiFi":[86,102,166],"AP":[87],"into":[88],"transmitter,":[90],"delivering":[91],"different":[92],"packets":[93],"multiple":[95],"ZigBees":[96],"in":[97,140],"parallel.":[98],"uniquely":[100],"exploits":[101],"CSI":[103],"extract":[105],"accurate":[107],"physical":[108],"layer":[109],"signal":[110],"ZigBee":[113],"packet":[114],"WiFi-ZigBee":[117],"channel":[118],"coefficient.":[119],"Rigorous":[120],"derivation":[121],"shows":[122],"that":[123,182],"X-MIMO's":[124],"precoding":[125],"inherently":[127],"immune":[128],"uncertainties":[131],"devices,":[135],"making":[136],"highly":[138],"reliable":[139],"practice.":[141],"Lastly,":[142],"spectrum-efficient":[143],"emulation":[144],"proposed":[146],"maximize":[148],"reuse.":[151],"We":[152],"implement":[153],"comprehensively":[155],"evaluate":[156],"performance":[158],"devices":[163],"(Atheros":[164],"AR9334":[165],"NIC":[167],"TelosB":[169],"CC2420)":[170],"as":[171,173],"well":[172],"USRP":[175],"B210":[176],"in-depth":[178],"analysis.":[179],"Results":[180],"reveal":[181],"achieves":[184],"495":[185],"Kbps":[186,195],"with":[187,196],"<1%":[188],"symbol":[189],"error":[190],"rate":[191],"(SER)":[192],"704.24":[194],"6.1%":[197],"SER":[198],"two":[200],"three":[202],"streams,":[203],"respectively.":[204],"Near-linear":[205],"increase":[206],"throughput":[209],"effectively":[210],"demonstrates":[211],"X-MIMO.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-12-07T00:00:00"}