{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2958365227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3364510.3364526","title":"An Examination of Abstraction in K-12 Computer Science Education","display_name":"An Examination of Abstraction in K-12 Computer Science Education","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2958365227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3364510.3364526","mag":"2958365227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3364510.3364526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3364510.3364526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6728","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040615808","display_name":"Christine Liebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-0114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christine Liebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071319364","display_name":"Tracy Camp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8570-7966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Camp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040615808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07878236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.9538999795913696,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.8167244791984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.6917286515235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.6603404879570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6192439794540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-thinking","display_name":"Computational thinking","score":0.5995471477508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.5752599239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.495355486869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.4752090871334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-education","display_name":"Science education","score":0.43561896681785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.4292064607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.32939571142196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3169846534729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1877729892730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11911490559577942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10699284076690674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.8167244791984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6917286515235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6603404879570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6192439794540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157342","display_name":"Computational thinking","level":2,"score":0.5995471477508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.5752599239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.495355486869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.4752090871334076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.43561896681785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4292064607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32939571142196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3169846534729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1877729892730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11911490559577942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10699284076690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3364510.3364526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3364510.3364526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-8007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6728","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-8007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6728","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2958365227.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2958365227.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42329365","https://openalex.org/W243494786","https://openalex.org/W303077916","https://openalex.org/W312960328","https://openalex.org/W605593526","https://openalex.org/W1482119008","https://openalex.org/W1516534262","https://openalex.org/W1596884745","https://openalex.org/W1675760388","https://openalex.org/W1815090327","https://openalex.org/W1967925153","https://openalex.org/W1970953601","https://openalex.org/W1976518595","https://openalex.org/W1992394443","https://openalex.org/W2014261905","https://openalex.org/W2015008170","https://openalex.org/W2023924594","https://openalex.org/W2029001994","https://openalex.org/W2040888129","https://openalex.org/W2059859008","https://openalex.org/W2085760884","https://openalex.org/W2089328301","https://openalex.org/W2096729978","https://openalex.org/W2100029531","https://openalex.org/W2101834258","https://openalex.org/W2121011272","https://openalex.org/W2132028123","https://openalex.org/W2142870226","https://openalex.org/W2144049026","https://openalex.org/W2160851124","https://openalex.org/W2165568289","https://openalex.org/W2171864510","https://openalex.org/W2194217668","https://openalex.org/W2210433019","https://openalex.org/W2232095256","https://openalex.org/W2239310941","https://openalex.org/W2277442856","https://openalex.org/W2529058658","https://openalex.org/W2588510622","https://openalex.org/W2889273325","https://openalex.org/W2997176315","https://openalex.org/W4399423126","https://openalex.org/W6689684570","https://openalex.org/W6834781518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769482900","https://openalex.org/W3155803285","https://openalex.org/W3213086777","https://openalex.org/W2769928932","https://openalex.org/W2551768522","https://openalex.org/W2742379954","https://openalex.org/W2979937253","https://openalex.org/W2989007402","https://openalex.org/W4291475988","https://openalex.org/W3005510774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer":[0],"scientists":[1],"have":[2,44],"been":[3],"working":[4],"towards":[5],"a":[6,26,36],"common":[7],"definition":[8],"of":[9,16,28,62,76,109,129,137,168,180,202,221],"abstraction;":[10],"however,":[11],"the":[12,119,152,219,232],"instruction":[13,130,220],"and":[14,31,64,83,97,107,197,213,224],"assessment":[15],"abstraction":[17,63,158,169,186,192,203,222],"remain":[18],"categorically":[19],"under-researched.":[20],"Abstraction":[21],"is":[22],"often":[23],"cited":[24],"as":[25],"component":[27],"computational":[29,58],"thinking":[30,39,47,66],"can":[32,67],"be":[33,161],"likened":[34],"to":[35,142,163,175],"higher":[37],"order":[38],"skill.":[40],"Most":[41],"K-12":[42,87,111,205],"educators":[43,69],"studied":[45],"critical":[46,65],"(e.g.,":[48],"Bloom's":[49],"taxonomy,":[50],"Marzano":[51],"&":[52],"Kendall's":[53],"new":[54],"taxonomy)":[55],"more":[56],"than":[57],"thinking.":[59],"Overlapping":[60],"characteristics":[61],"provide":[68],"with":[70],"instructional":[71,95,104,195,227],"guidance.":[72],"The":[73,103,135,178],"qualitative":[74,127],"examination":[75,128,201],"how":[77],"teachers":[78,114,138,150,181],"determine":[79],"curriculum,":[80],"deliver":[81],"instruction,":[82],"design":[84],"assessments":[85,108],"in":[86,118,124,151,204,231],"computer":[88,112,206],"science":[89,113,207],"education":[90,208],"contributes":[91],"insights":[92,212],"into":[93],"current":[94],"practices":[96,196],"variables":[98,216],"for":[99,217],"future":[100],"quantitative":[101],"study.":[102],"strategies,":[105],"objectives,":[106],"12":[110],"from":[115,171],"three":[116],"states":[117],"United":[120],"States":[121],"were":[122,154],"examined":[123],"this":[125],"descriptive":[126,211],"using":[131],"thematic":[132],"coding":[133],"analysis.":[134],"majority":[136,179],"interviewed":[139,182],"had":[140],"little":[141,173],"no":[143],"professional":[144],"development":[145],"regarding":[146],"teaching":[147,191],"abstraction.":[148],"All":[149],"study":[153],"unsure":[155],"what":[156],"student":[157],"abilities":[159],"should":[160],"according":[162],"grade":[164],"level.":[165],"Teachers'":[166],"understanding":[167],"ranged":[170],"very":[172,176],"knowledge":[174],"knowledgeable.":[177],"did":[183],"not":[184],"assess":[185],"intentionally.":[187],"Teachers":[188],"described":[189],"successfully":[190],"through":[193],"multiple":[194],"spiraling":[198],"curriculum.":[199],"This":[200],"offers":[209],"practical":[210],"illuminates":[214],"additional":[215],"researching":[218],"qualitatively":[223],"quantitatively.":[225],"Anecdotal":[226],"successes":[228],"are":[229],"included":[230],"results.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
