{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981391500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3360664.3360674","title":"IPv6 Covert Channels in the Wild","display_name":"IPv6 Covert Channels in the Wild","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981391500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3360664.3360674","mag":"2981391500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3360664.3360674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3360664.3360674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Central European Cybersecurity Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089469997","display_name":"Wojciech Mazurczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-4127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Mazurczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030702851","display_name":"Krystian Pow\u00f3jski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krystian Pow\u00f3jski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082854095","display_name":"Luca Caviglione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-3354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Caviglione","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council of Italy, Genoa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council of Italy, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089469997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92668504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.805983304977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.7927099466323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7626549005508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv6","display_name":"IPv6","score":0.7444981932640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.6800317168235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6578344702720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.568302571773529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5377523899078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5031449198722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.49853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49804186820983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.46860918402671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.448343962430954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4340531527996063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.33836233615875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15727975964546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09216690063476562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.805983304977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.7927099466323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7626549005508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84555802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551624","display_name":"IPv6","level":3,"score":0.7444981932640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.6800317168235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6578344702720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.568302571773529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5377523899078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5031449198722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.49853515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49804186820983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.46860918402671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.448343962430954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4340531527996063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.33836233615875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15727975964546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09216690063476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3360664.3360674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3360664.3360674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Third Central European Cybersecurity Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8882486701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"833042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333067","funder_display_name":"Sixth Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333067","display_name":"Sixth Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534898272","https://openalex.org/W1942773482","https://openalex.org/W1977867261","https://openalex.org/W2011224223","https://openalex.org/W2030000330","https://openalex.org/W2076003763","https://openalex.org/W2081642714","https://openalex.org/W2265383084","https://openalex.org/W2342408547","https://openalex.org/W2345664342","https://openalex.org/W2515370279","https://openalex.org/W2519082534","https://openalex.org/W2556536142","https://openalex.org/W2734809238","https://openalex.org/W2737058386","https://openalex.org/W2889467899","https://openalex.org/W2963514896","https://openalex.org/W3103457769","https://openalex.org/W4253826867","https://openalex.org/W6726317432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409612194","https://openalex.org/W4224042389","https://openalex.org/W3203504906","https://openalex.org/W2171676767","https://openalex.org/W4312890355","https://openalex.org/W83713408","https://openalex.org/W174282171","https://openalex.org/W4285356283","https://openalex.org/W4293373802","https://openalex.org/W2497446005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"increasing":[1],"diffusion":[2],"of":[3,18,22,35,87],"malware":[4],"endowed":[5],"with":[6],"steganographic":[7],"techniques":[8,92],"requires":[9],"to":[10,26,44,98,106],"carefully":[11],"identify":[12],"and":[13,65],"evaluate":[14],"a":[15,23,28,56,84],"new":[16],"set":[17],"threats.":[19],"creation":[21],"covert":[24,75,109],"channel":[25],"hide":[27],"communication":[29],"within":[30],"network":[31,52,68],"traffic":[32],"is":[33,54],"one":[34],"the":[36,79],"most":[37],"relevant,":[38],"as":[39],"it":[40,82],"can":[41],"be":[42],"used":[43],"exfiltrate":[45],"information":[46],"or":[47],"orchestrate":[48],"attacks.":[49],"Even":[50],"if":[51],"steganography":[53],"becoming":[55],"well-studied":[57],"topic,":[58],"only":[59],"few":[60],"works":[61],"focus":[62],"on":[63],"IPv6":[64,74,94,108],"consider":[66],"real":[67],"scenarios.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"this":[71],"paper":[72],"investigates":[73],"channels":[76,110],"deployed":[77],"in":[78],"wild.":[80],"Also,":[81],"presents":[83],"performance":[85],"evaluation":[86],"six":[88],"different":[89],"data":[90],"hiding":[91],"for":[93],"including":[95],"their":[96],"ability":[97],"bypass":[99],"some":[100],"intrusion":[101],"detection":[102],"systems.":[103],"Lastly,":[104],"ideas":[105],"detect":[107],"are":[111],"presented.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
