{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2948130259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299869.3319901","title":"Interventional Fairness","display_name":"Interventional Fairness","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2948130259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299869.3319901","mag":"2948130259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299869.3319901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299869.3319901","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299869.3319901","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management of Data","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299869.3319901","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103209063","display_name":"Babak Salimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-9533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Babak Salimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109104222","display_name":"Luke Rodriguez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007124763","display_name":"Bill Howe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-8472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill Howe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048204602","display_name":"Dan Suciu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-0868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Suciu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103209063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.1847,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":143,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99662891,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"793","last_page":"810"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.778946042060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.6683382391929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5266411304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness-measure","display_name":"Fairness measure","score":0.5185071229934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5106046795845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4622603952884674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.42430320382118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09663209319114685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.778946042060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6683382391929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5266411304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11867375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5430671","display_name":"Fairness measure","level":4,"score":0.5185071229934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5106046795845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4622603952884674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.42430320382118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09663209319114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299869.3319901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299869.3319901","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299869.3319901","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management of Data","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3299869.3319901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3299869.3319901","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3299869.3319901","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management of Data","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G188716275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1740996","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G620229259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1614738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G656365904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1535565","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6872048155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1703281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319907","display_name":"Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","ror":"https://ror.org/00ynafe15"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948130259.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948130259.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558832481","https://openalex.org/W1961345416","https://openalex.org/W1963921006","https://openalex.org/W1974042790","https://openalex.org/W1985239372","https://openalex.org/W1988368118","https://openalex.org/W2014352947","https://openalex.org/W2059141064","https://openalex.org/W2097246321","https://openalex.org/W2098952447","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2114508388","https://openalex.org/W2116666691","https://openalex.org/W2124172487","https://openalex.org/W2143117649","https://openalex.org/W2146521249","https://openalex.org/W2157928966","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2162670686","https://openalex.org/W2169157836","https://openalex.org/W2343513962","https://openalex.org/W2511010068","https://openalex.org/W2529670628","https://openalex.org/W2540757487","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2584805976","https://openalex.org/W2588229802","https://openalex.org/W2594166818","https://openalex.org/W2606013986","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2624319794","https://openalex.org/W2730550703","https://openalex.org/W2750585749","https://openalex.org/W2753845591","https://openalex.org/W2786242872","https://openalex.org/W2791094827","https://openalex.org/W2798682670","https://openalex.org/W2809628680","https://openalex.org/W2809878087","https://openalex.org/W2886452416","https://openalex.org/W2908766589","https://openalex.org/W2949200088","https://openalex.org/W2950538796","https://openalex.org/W2962959301","https://openalex.org/W2962977061","https://openalex.org/W2963453196","https://openalex.org/W2964031043","https://openalex.org/W2964116855","https://openalex.org/W3023126635","https://openalex.org/W3023309920","https://openalex.org/W3100046612","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3121683006","https://openalex.org/W3125789530","https://openalex.org/W4248700314","https://openalex.org/W4289258088","https://openalex.org/W4301884499","https://openalex.org/W6674842717","https://openalex.org/W6683135647","https://openalex.org/W6684072790","https://openalex.org/W6686850924","https://openalex.org/W6734300861","https://openalex.org/W6738844735","https://openalex.org/W7014198846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081494945","https://openalex.org/W2389053294","https://openalex.org/W1970893504","https://openalex.org/W4312071518","https://openalex.org/W2018580387","https://openalex.org/W4312269093","https://openalex.org/W3170261037","https://openalex.org/W4210420802","https://openalex.org/W2987568073","https://openalex.org/W2574301230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fairness":[0],"is":[1,14],"increasingly":[2],"recognized":[3],"as":[4,49,81,97,119],"a":[5,29,82,100],"critical":[6],"component":[7],"of":[8,35,56,62,69,94,150],"machine":[9],"learning":[10],"systems.":[11],"However,":[12],"it":[13],"the":[15,70,79,120,148,151,159],"underlying":[16,71],"data":[17],"on":[18,38,134,142,153],"which":[19],"these":[20,63,107,117],"systems":[21],"are":[22],"trained":[23,133],"that":[24,41,106,126],"often":[25],"reflect":[26],"discrimination,":[27],"suggesting":[28],"database":[30,83,123],"repair":[31,84,124],"problem.":[32],"Existing":[33],"treatments":[34],"fairness":[36,57,112,129,155],"rely":[37],"statistical":[39,46],"correlations":[40],"can":[42,58],"be":[43],"fooled":[44],"by":[45],"anomalies,":[47],"such":[48],"Simpson's":[50],"paradox.":[51],"Proposals":[52],"for":[53,89,122],"causality-based":[54],"definitions":[55],"correctly":[59,109],"model":[60],"some":[61],"situations,":[64],"but":[65],"they":[66],"require":[67],"specification":[68],"causal":[72,102],"models.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"paper,":[76],"we":[77],"formalize":[78],"situation":[80],"problem,":[85],"proving":[86],"sufficient":[87],"conditions":[88,108,118],"fair":[90],"classifiers":[91,132],"in":[92,158],"terms":[93],"admissible":[95],"variables":[96],"opposed":[98],"to":[99],"complete":[101],"model.":[103],"We":[104,114,138],"show":[105],"capture":[110],"subtle":[111],"violations.":[113],"then":[115],"use":[116],"basis":[121],"algorithms":[125,141],"provide":[127],"provable":[128],"guarantees":[130],"about":[131],"their":[135],"training":[136],"labels.":[137],"evaluate":[139],"our":[140],"real":[143],"data,":[144],"demonstrating":[145],"improvement":[146],"over":[147],"state":[149],"art":[152],"multiple":[154],"metrics":[156],"proposed":[157],"literature":[160],"while":[161],"retaining":[162],"high":[163],"utility.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}