{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021561588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3293353.3293355","title":"Handwritten Essay Grading on Mobiles using MDLSTM Model and Word Embeddings","display_name":"Handwritten Essay Grading on Mobiles using MDLSTM Model and Word Embeddings","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021561588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3293353.3293355","mag":"3021561588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3293353.3293355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3293353.3293355","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035703615","display_name":"Annapurna Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-6826"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Annapurna Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimodal Perception Lab, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimodal Perception Lab, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066864733","display_name":"Dinesh Babu Jayagopi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0080-452X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Babu Jayagopi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimodal Perception Lab, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimodal Perception Lab, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035703615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59098879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7851454019546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6788039207458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6632234454154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.6589866876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.6183623671531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5510408282279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.45438987016677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.4363194406032562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-recognition","display_name":"Text recognition","score":0.4159961938858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3493792414665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32206088304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.18181836605072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08708634972572327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7851454019546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6788039207458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6632234454154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.6589866876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6183623671531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5510408282279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.45438987016677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.4363194406032562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Text recognition","level":3,"score":0.4159961938858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3493792414665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32206088304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.18181836605072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08708634972572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3293353.3293355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3293353.3293355","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493355923","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2152928267","https://openalex.org/W2158240052","https://openalex.org/W2170942820","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2470303755","https://openalex.org/W2546714726","https://openalex.org/W2573601984","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2964325005","https://openalex.org/W2995106197","https://openalex.org/W3034730645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W2536878212","https://openalex.org/W3005534356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assessing":[0],"handwritten":[1,226],"essays":[2,118,163,193,215,227],"is":[3,8,113],"a":[4,64,106,142],"human":[5,190,212],"skill":[6],"which":[7],"very":[9],"important":[10],"for":[11,35,45,55,82,97,115,133,162,186,208],"school":[12],"level":[13],"language":[14],"exams.":[15],"If":[16],"automated,":[17],"it":[18,139],"will":[19],"enable":[20],"scalable":[21],"assessment":[22],"and":[23,40,102,122,144,194,216],"feedback":[24],"at":[25,79],"low":[26],"cost.":[27],"This":[28],"problem":[29],"involves":[30],"two":[31],"modalities,":[32],"viz.":[33],"images":[34,98],"Offline":[36],"Handwriting":[37],"Recognition":[38],"(OHR)":[39],"Natural":[41],"Language":[42],"Processing":[43],"(NLP)":[44],"essay":[46,111,135],"grading.":[47],"We":[48,62,129],"consider":[49,225],"the":[50,57,80,83,90,93,134,151,154,167,189,203,211,217],"sequential":[51],"information":[52],"of":[53,85,92,108,110,117,153,184,206],"handwriting":[54,94],"getting":[56],"transcriptions":[58],"from":[59,100],"text":[60,192,197,214],"images.":[61],"train":[63],"Multidimensional":[65],"Long":[66],"Short":[67],"Term":[68],"Memory":[69],"(MDLSTM)":[70],"network":[71],"with":[72],"Connectionist":[73],"Temporal":[74],"Classification":[75],"(CTC)":[76],"cost":[77],"function":[78],"output":[81],"task":[84,137],"OHR.":[86],"The":[87,147,174,199],"paper":[88],"discusses":[89],"generalization":[91],"recognition":[95],"model":[96,177,195,201],"taken":[99],"scanner":[101],"mobile":[103],"camera.":[104],"Further":[105],"comparison":[107],"results":[109,148],"grading":[112,136,187,209],"shown":[114],"features":[116,161,169],"based":[119,124,160],"on":[120],"GloVe":[121],"fastText":[123,156],"word":[125,157],"vector":[126,158],"representation":[127,159],"models.":[128],"trained":[130],"different":[131],"models":[132],"considering":[138],"both":[140],"as":[141],"classification":[143],"regression":[145],"problem.":[146],"show":[149],"that":[150],"state":[152],"art":[155],"perform":[164],"better":[165],"than":[166],"other":[168],"considered":[170],"in":[171,229],"this":[172,222],"work.":[173],"best":[175],"performing":[176],"shows":[178,202],"Quadratic":[179],"Weighted":[180],"Kappa":[181],"(QWK)":[182],"agreement":[183,205],"0.80":[185],"between":[188,210],"graded":[191,196,213],"essays.":[198,220],"same":[200],"QWK":[204],"0.81":[207],"OHR":[218],"transcribed":[219],"In":[221],"work,":[223],"we":[224],"written":[228],"English.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}