{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909331201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287624.3287711","title":"GRAM","display_name":"GRAM","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909331201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287624.3287711","mag":"2909331201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3287624.3287711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287624.3287711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287624.3287711","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287624.3287711","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036778557","display_name":"Minxuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-7270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minxuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033221192","display_name":"Mohsen Imani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Imani","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079372283","display_name":"Saransh Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5814-3934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saransh Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067380102","display_name":"Yeseong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-9632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeseong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025573294","display_name":"Tajana Rosing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-997X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tajana Rosing","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036778557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93052359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"591","last_page":"596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8601964712142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.733710765838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multithreading","display_name":"Multithreading","score":0.7307080030441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.6498497128486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4734727442264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4472450315952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.4424405097961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-parallelism","display_name":"Task parallelism","score":0.41176488995552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34126341342926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15217331051826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14630445837974548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.13945713639259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.11909431219100952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8601964712142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.733710765838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201410400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064412","display_name":"Multithreading","level":3,"score":0.7307080030441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.6498497128486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4734727442264557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4472450315952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.4424405097961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42992933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691169","display_name":"Task parallelism","level":3,"score":0.41176488995552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34126341342926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15217331051826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14630445837974548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.13945713639259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.11909431219100952}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3287624.3287711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287624.3287711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287624.3287711","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3287624.3287711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287624.3287711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287624.3287711","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1824732077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1730158,1527034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909331201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909331201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578783943","https://openalex.org/W1783256592","https://openalex.org/W1955594754","https://openalex.org/W1994727615","https://openalex.org/W2010202670","https://openalex.org/W2013028205","https://openalex.org/W2025674646","https://openalex.org/W2045271686","https://openalex.org/W2066280488","https://openalex.org/W2082773934","https://openalex.org/W2105102111","https://openalex.org/W2160428323","https://openalex.org/W2170616854","https://openalex.org/W2407339173","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2566870951","https://openalex.org/W2572767837","https://openalex.org/W2588236721","https://openalex.org/W2613567208","https://openalex.org/W2625133503","https://openalex.org/W2744849844","https://openalex.org/W2755088640","https://openalex.org/W2773147029","https://openalex.org/W2790344283","https://openalex.org/W2799290373","https://openalex.org/W2799942529","https://openalex.org/W2807837291","https://openalex.org/W2889160891","https://openalex.org/W2900379535","https://openalex.org/W2906038283","https://openalex.org/W2908554073","https://openalex.org/W2962903741","https://openalex.org/W4241140669","https://openalex.org/W4243519499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089117407","https://openalex.org/W2317245370","https://openalex.org/W2023373638","https://openalex.org/W198851386","https://openalex.org/W1980160788","https://openalex.org/W2030310580","https://openalex.org/W947442053","https://openalex.org/W1993191611","https://openalex.org/W4248099758","https://openalex.org/W2104702637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,76],"performance":[1,143],"of":[2,18,90],"graph":[3,51,69,100,116,131],"processing":[4,70],"for":[5],"real-world":[6,104],"graphs":[7],"is":[8,28,63],"limited":[9],"by":[10,144],"inefficient":[11],"memory":[12,20,27,43],"behaviours":[13],"in":[14,66,72,80],"traditional":[15],"systems":[16],"because":[17],"random":[19],"access":[21],"patterns.":[22],"Offloading":[23],"computations":[24],"to":[25,32,49,128],"the":[26,41,73,83,88,142],"a":[29,124,129,135],"promising":[30],"strategy":[31],"overcome":[33],"such":[34],"challenges.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"exploit":[40],"resistive":[42],"(ReRAM)":[44],"based":[45],"processing-in-memory":[46],"(PIM)":[47],"technology":[48],"accelerate":[50],"applications.":[52],"proposed":[54,137],"solution,":[55],"GRAM,":[56],"can":[57],"efficiently":[58],"executes":[59],"vertex-centric":[60],"model,":[61],"which":[62],"widely":[64],"used":[65,79],"large-scale":[67],"parallel":[68],"programs,":[71],"computational":[74],"memory.":[75],"hardware-software":[77],"co-design":[78],"GRAM":[81,106,140],"maximizes":[82],"computation":[84],"parallelism":[85],"while":[86],"minimizing":[87],"number":[89],"data":[91],"movements.":[92],"Based":[93],"on":[94,102,123],"our":[95],"experiments":[96],"with":[97,113],"three":[98],"important":[99],"kernels":[101],"seven":[103],"graphs,":[105],"provides":[107],"122.5X":[108],"and":[109,118,134,146],"11.1x":[110],"speedup":[111],"compared":[112],"an":[114],"in-memory":[115],"system":[117],"optimized":[119],"multithreading":[120],"algorithms":[121],"running":[122],"multi-core":[125],"CPU.":[126],"Compared":[127],"GPU-based":[130],"acceleration":[132],"library":[133],"recently":[136],"PIM":[138],"accelerator,":[139],"improves":[141],"7.1X":[145],"3.8X":[147],"respectively.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2019-01-25T00:00:00"}