{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2607471403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053984","title":"Factor Analysis Reveals Student Thinking using the Mechanics Reasoning Inventory","display_name":"Factor Analysis Reveals Student Thinking using the Mechanics Reasoning Inventory","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2607471403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053984","mag":"2607471403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3051457.3053984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053984","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053984&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth (2017) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053984&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015344745","display_name":"Sunbok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0924-7056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunbok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101509377","display_name":"Zhongzhou Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3324-5330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongzhou Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103830785","display_name":"David E. Pritchard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Pritchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083017498","display_name":"Alex Kimn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4872-4043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Kimn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge , MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge , MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113516464","display_name":"Andrew Paul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1745920","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Platteville","ror":"https://ror.org/02xpkhc07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1745920"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Platteville, WI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Platteville, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1745920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015344745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92062182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"197","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6910039782524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-factor-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","score":0.589947521686554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-inventory","display_name":"Concept inventory","score":0.557083010673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5550812482833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5328614711761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4472714364528656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-thinking","display_name":"Higher-order thinking","score":0.4365256428718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.431846022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3919808566570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3485693633556366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34638237953186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3009602129459381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.2215968370437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"Psychometrics","score":0.14165562391281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12079054117202759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6910039782524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.589947521686554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59785418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158395","display_name":"Concept inventory","level":2,"score":0.557083010673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5550812482833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5328614711761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4472714364528656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777004525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757990","display_name":"Higher-order thinking","level":4,"score":0.4365256428718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.431846022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3919808566570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3485693633556366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34638237953186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3009602129459381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2215968370437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.14165562391281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12079054117202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141259","display_name":"Cognitively Guided Instruction","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3051457.3053984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053984","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053984&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth (2017) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2015-8051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/7052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2015-2019","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3051457.3053984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053984","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053984&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth (2017) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2607471403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2607471403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156427061","https://openalex.org/W1966672298","https://openalex.org/W2002107036","https://openalex.org/W2045300586","https://openalex.org/W2109639789","https://openalex.org/W2341303329","https://openalex.org/W3009432059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W1690653314","https://openalex.org/W2401723157","https://openalex.org/W2065055572","https://openalex.org/W2784269775","https://openalex.org/W4238177957"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66],"Mechanics":[1],"Reasoning":[2],"Inventory":[3],"(MRI)":[4],"is":[5,39,60,78,226],"an":[6,24],"assessment":[7,25],"instrument":[8,67],"specifically":[9],"designed":[10],"to":[11,32,41,241],"assess":[12],"strategic":[13],"reasoning":[14,236],"skills":[15],"involving":[16],"core":[17,189],"concepts":[18],"in":[19,80,93,125],"introductory":[20],"Newtonian":[21],"mechanics.":[22],"Being":[23],"of":[26,63,69,72,97,101,140,175,198,220,229],"higher":[27],"order":[28],"thinking":[29],"(as":[30],"opposed":[31],"declarative":[33],"or":[34,44,76],"rule-based":[35],"procedural":[36],"thinking),":[37],"it":[38,150],"necessary":[40],"check":[42],"whether":[43,74],"not":[45,185],"the":[46,55,61,89,155,163,173,192,199,207,216,243],"mental":[47],"constructs":[48],"underlying":[49],"actual":[50],"student":[51],"responses":[52],"correlate":[53],"with":[54,162,172],"authors'":[56],"domain":[57],"classification,":[58],"which":[59,149,225],"subject":[62],"this":[64],"paper.":[65],"consists":[68],"three":[70],"types":[71,223],"problems:":[73],"momentum":[75],"energy":[77],"conserved":[79],"a":[81,168,178,188,227],"given":[82],"situation":[83],"and":[84,104,107,167],"why,":[85],"(partly":[86],"inspired":[87],"by":[88,113,191],"paired":[90],"what/why":[91],"questions":[92,141,157],"Lawson's":[94],"Classroom":[95],"Test":[96],"Scientific":[98],"Reasoning),":[99],"application":[100],"Newton's":[102],"2nd":[103],"3rd":[105],"law,":[106],"decomposing":[108],"problems":[109],"into":[110],"parts":[111],"(inspired":[112],"Van":[114],"Domelen's":[115],"Problem":[116],"Decomposition":[117],"Diagnostic).":[118],"It":[119],"has":[120],"been":[121],"administered":[122],"183":[123],"times":[124],"two":[126],"MIT":[127],"courses":[128],"since":[129],"2009.":[130],"Exploratory":[131],"Factor":[132],"Analysis":[133],"(EFA)":[134],"revealed":[135],"that":[136,158,204,215],"each":[137,219],"Lawson":[138],"pair":[139],"should":[142],"be":[143],"considered":[144],"as":[145,187],"one":[146],"item,":[147],"after":[148],"identified":[151],"four":[152],"factors":[153,203],"among":[154],"21":[156],"correspond":[159],"reasonably":[160],"well":[161],"intended":[164],"physics":[165],"topics,":[166],"fifth":[169],"factor":[170],"correlated":[171],"concept":[174],"circular":[176],"motion,":[177],"difficult":[179],"topic":[180],"for":[181],"students":[182,217,230],"(even":[183],"though":[184],"viewed":[186],"principle":[190],"designers).":[193],"We":[194],"discuss":[195],"why":[196],"6":[197],"items":[200],"classified":[201],"under":[202],"differed":[205],"from":[206],"expert":[208],"assignments.":[209],"There":[210],"was":[211],"no":[212],"strong":[213],"indication":[214],"answered":[218],"different":[221],"problem":[222],"similarly,":[224],"hallmark":[228],"using":[231],"novice":[232],"heuristics":[233],"rather":[234],"than":[235],"based":[237],"on":[238],"physical":[239],"principles":[240],"answer":[242],"questions.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}