{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2235158524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830772.2830801","title":"Locking down insecure indirection with hardware-based control-data isolation","display_name":"Locking down insecure indirection with hardware-based control-data isolation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2235158524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830772.2830801","mag":"2235158524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2830772.2830801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830772.2830801","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International Symposium on Microarchitecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056939927","display_name":"William Arthur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Arthur","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009837065","display_name":"Sahil Madeka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahil Madeka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027544576","display_name":"Reetuparna Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-8342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reetuparna Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113456715","display_name":"Todd Austin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Austin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3353,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86733218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"115","last_page":"127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8552290201187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.73988938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.6698321104049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.615969181060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.5822124481201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5456975698471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5385978817939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirection","display_name":"Indirection","score":0.5287765264511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.5214947462081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.43459394574165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-flow-diagram","display_name":"Data flow diagram","score":0.4263020157814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4165191948413849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40779370069503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20308342576026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1702762246131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10127457976341248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8552290201187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.73988938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.6698321104049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.615969181060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.5822124481201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5456975698471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5385978817939758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89377073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1171224","display_name":"Indirection","level":2,"score":0.5287765264511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.5214947462081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.43459394574165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C489000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747385","display_name":"Data flow diagram","level":2,"score":0.4263020157814026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4165191948413849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40779370069503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20308342576026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1702762246131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10127457976341248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2830772.2830801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2830772.2830801","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th International Symposium on Microarchitecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70478248","https://openalex.org/W1631846088","https://openalex.org/W1655226010","https://openalex.org/W1823377586","https://openalex.org/W1968002620","https://openalex.org/W1987766589","https://openalex.org/W2001610548","https://openalex.org/W2004769014","https://openalex.org/W2011784170","https://openalex.org/W2066940325","https://openalex.org/W2090181646","https://openalex.org/W2109219878","https://openalex.org/W2117115928","https://openalex.org/W2128171167","https://openalex.org/W2138517425","https://openalex.org/W2142937557","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2153185479","https://openalex.org/W2154902280","https://openalex.org/W2160750793","https://openalex.org/W2166844173","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W2171929398","https://openalex.org/W2244769533","https://openalex.org/W6638559843","https://openalex.org/W6677520968","https://openalex.org/W6690914370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120421136","https://openalex.org/W2889297400","https://openalex.org/W156668154","https://openalex.org/W2785657790","https://openalex.org/W2095925360","https://openalex.org/W1549956274","https://openalex.org/W4246377515","https://openalex.org/W4252890599","https://openalex.org/W2052160877","https://openalex.org/W2235158524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arbitrary":[0],"code":[1],"injection":[2],"pervades":[3],"as":[4,40],"a":[5,32,41],"central":[6],"issue":[7],"in":[8,23,98],"computer":[9],"security":[10],"where":[11],"attackers":[12],"seek":[13],"to":[14,115,129,146,176,210],"exploit":[15],"the":[16,28,45,67,72,75,79,88,131,137,188,194],"software":[17],"attack":[18],"surface.":[19],"A":[20],"key":[21],"component":[22],"many":[24],"exploits":[25],"today":[26],"is":[27],"successful":[29],"execution":[30,132,156],"of":[31,48,82,133,139,166,196],"control-flow":[33,50,83,110],"attack.":[34],"Control-Data":[35,85,181],"Isolation":[36,86],"(CDI)":[37],"has":[38],"emerged":[39],"work":[42,123],"which":[43],"eliminates":[44],"root":[46,80],"cause":[47,81],"contemporary":[49,109],"attacks:":[51],"indirect":[52,117,149,215],"control":[53,62,168,216],"flow":[54,63,169],"instructions.":[55],"These":[56],"instructions":[57],"are":[58,144,172],"replaced":[59],"by":[60,66,74,95],"direct":[61],"edges":[64,151],"dictated":[65],"programmer":[68],"and":[69,90,152],"encoded":[70],"into":[71],"application":[73],"compiler.":[76],"By":[77],"subtracting":[78],"attack,":[84],"sidesteps":[87],"vulnerabilities":[89],"restrictive":[91],"threat":[92],"models":[93],"adopted":[94],"other":[96],"solutions":[97],"this":[99,122],"space":[100],"(e.g.,":[101,218],"Control-Flow":[102],"Integrity).":[103],"The":[104],"CDI":[105],"approach,":[106],"while":[107],"eliminating":[108],"attacks,":[111],"introduces":[112],"non-trivial":[113],"overheads":[114,171],"validate":[116],"targets":[118],"at":[119],"runtime.":[120],"In":[121],"we":[124,143,185],"introduce":[125],"novel":[126],"architectural":[127],"support":[128],"accelerate":[130],"CDI-compliant":[134,207],"code.":[135],"Through":[136],"addition":[138],"an":[140,211],"edge":[141,189],"cache,":[142],"able":[145],"cache":[147,190],"legal":[148],"target":[150],"eliminate":[153],"nearly":[154],"all":[155],"overhead":[157],"for":[158,180,205],"indirection-free":[159],"applications.":[160,183],"We":[161],"demonstrate":[162],"that":[163,187],"through":[164],"memoization":[165],"compiler-confirmed":[167],"transitions,":[170],"reduced":[173],"from":[174],"19%":[175],"0.5%":[177],"on":[178],"average":[179],"Isolated":[182],"Additionally,":[184],"show":[186],"can":[191],"efficiently":[192],"provide":[193],"double-duty":[195],"predicting":[197],"multi-way":[198],"branch":[199],"targets,":[200],"thus":[201],"providing":[202],"even":[203],"speedups":[204],"some":[206],"executions,":[208],"compared":[209],"architecture":[212],"with":[213],"unsophisticated":[214],"prediction":[217],"BTB).":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}