{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031758236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2729983","title":"How to Implement Rigorous Computer Science Education in K-12 Schools? Some Answers and Many Questions","display_name":"How to Implement Rigorous Computer Science Education in K-12 Schools? Some Answers and Many Questions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031758236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2729983","mag":"2031758236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2729983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2729983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014923810","display_name":"Peter Hubwieser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-891X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hubwieser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","Technische Universitat, Munchen, Germany#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universitat, Munchen, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019990406","display_name":"Michal Armoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-9023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Armoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel","Weizmann Institute of Science,,Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute of Science,,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029977269","display_name":"Michail N. Giannakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8016-6208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail N. Giannakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014923810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.971639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision","display_name":"Vision","score":0.7398818731307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5993816256523132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.5966321229934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5921097993850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5405042171478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5280241370201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.44779491424560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43964821100234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4185609221458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3677823841571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.32413220405578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.27313172817230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.19061791896820068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15190443396568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09863370656967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.08489617705345154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133979268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1682108","display_name":"Vision","level":2,"score":0.7398818731307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5993816256523132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.5966321229934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5921097993850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5405042171478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5280241370201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.44779491424560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43964821100234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4185609221458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3677823841571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.32413220405578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27313172817230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19061791896820068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15190443396568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09863370656967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.08489617705345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2729983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2729983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603915373","https://openalex.org/W1871232301","https://openalex.org/W1975414155","https://openalex.org/W1986435249","https://openalex.org/W2036388063","https://openalex.org/W2048814271","https://openalex.org/W2087679022","https://openalex.org/W2109223890","https://openalex.org/W2169802602","https://openalex.org/W2339183141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548557026","https://openalex.org/W1975110180","https://openalex.org/W2117786814","https://openalex.org/W4377008908","https://openalex.org/W1989187808","https://openalex.org/W2332333067","https://openalex.org/W4288993906","https://openalex.org/W2079187076","https://openalex.org/W4365449513","https://openalex.org/W4283815787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"to":[1,30,60,67,124,160,169],"collect":[2,31],"various":[3],"concepts,":[4],"approaches,":[5],"and":[6,64,74,82,100,155],"strategies":[7],"for":[8,86,173],"improving":[9],"computer":[10,79],"science":[11,80],"education":[12],"in":[13,53,163],"K-12":[14,54,78],"schools,":[15],"we":[16,58,96,112,176],"edited":[17],"this":[18,90,94,164],"second":[19,165],"special":[20,109],"issue":[21],"of":[22,34,46,49,77,89,107,117,130,137,144,180,184],"the":[23,68,72,75,87,105,118,131,138,145,174,185,190],"ACM":[24],"TOCE":[25],"journal.":[26],"Our":[27],"intention":[28,99],"was":[29,122],"a":[32,114,127,141,178,196],"set":[33,179],"case":[35,132,148],"studies":[36,149],"from":[37,150,189],"different":[38],"countries":[39],"that":[40,157],"would":[41],"describe":[42],"all":[43],"relevant":[44],"aspects":[45],"specific":[47],"implementations":[48],"Computer":[50],"Science":[51],"Education":[52],"schools.":[55],"By":[56],"this,":[57],"want":[59],"deliver":[61],"well-founded":[62],"arguments":[63],"rich":[65],"material":[66],"critical":[69],"discussion":[70],"about":[71,104],"state":[73],"goals":[76],"education,":[81],"also":[83],"provide":[84],"visions":[85],"future":[88],"research":[91,182],"area.":[92],"In":[93,167],"editorial,":[95],"explain":[97],"our":[98],"report":[101],"some":[102,171],"details":[103],"genesis":[106],"these":[108],"issues.":[110],"Following,":[111],"give":[113,170],"short":[115,142],"summary":[116],"Darmstadt":[119,191],"Model,":[120,192],"which":[121],"suggested":[123],"serve":[125],"as":[126],"structuring":[128],"principle":[129],"studies.":[133],"The":[134],"next":[135],"part":[136],"editorial":[139],"presents":[140],"description":[143],"five":[146],"extended":[147],"India,":[151],"Korea,":[152],"NRW/Germany,":[153],"Finland,":[154],"USA":[156],"are":[158],"selected":[159],"be":[161],"included":[162],"issue.":[166],"order":[168],"perspectives":[172],"future,":[175],"propose":[177],"open":[181],"questions":[183],"field,":[186],"partly":[187,193],"derived":[188],"stimulated":[194],"by":[195],"look":[197],"on":[198],"large-scale":[199],"investigations":[200],"like":[201],"PISA.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
