{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992267990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684200.2684311","title":"Representing Annotations in XML Document using String-Trees Model","display_name":"Representing Annotations in XML Document using String-Trees Model","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992267990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684200.2684311","mag":"1992267990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2684200.2684311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684200.2684311","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043214567","display_name":"Keng Hoon Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-3523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keng Hoon Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang Malaysia","School of Computer Sciences,#R##N#Universiti Sains Malaysia,#R##N#11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences,#R##N#Universiti Sains Malaysia,#R##N#11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043214567"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06276583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"464","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12377","display_name":"Digital Humanities and Scholarship","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8517419099807739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/well-formed-document","display_name":"Well-formed document","score":0.8143438100814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-structure-description","display_name":"Document Structure Description","score":0.7938007116317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml-validation","display_name":"XML validation","score":0.700461745262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-api-for-xml","display_name":"Simple API for XML","score":0.640507161617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.637269139289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5969270467758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5927183628082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streaming-xml","display_name":"Streaming XML","score":0.5725780725479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.5324597954750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-xml-interchange","display_name":"Efficient XML Interchange","score":0.532274603843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml-schema","display_name":"XML Schema (W3C)","score":0.4912797808647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml-schema-editor","display_name":"XML Schema Editor","score":0.48027539253234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4413797855377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4407828450202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-type-definition","display_name":"Document type definition","score":0.41216617822647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sgml","display_name":"SGML","score":0.4106106460094452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32459744811058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.23936030268669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml-signature","display_name":"XML Signature","score":0.17754057049751282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8517419099807739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137441365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7981054","display_name":"Well-formed document","level":5,"score":0.8143438100814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68699486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265904","display_name":"Document Structure Description","level":3,"score":0.7938007116317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55348073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595926","display_name":"XML validation","level":3,"score":0.700461745262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8595896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577094","display_name":"Simple API for XML","level":5,"score":0.640507161617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.637269139289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5969270467758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5927183628082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44883583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622687","display_name":"Streaming XML","level":3,"score":0.5725780725479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.5324597954750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11508877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124477","display_name":"Efficient XML Interchange","level":3,"score":0.532274603843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40713593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16342","display_name":"XML Schema (W3C)","level":5,"score":0.4912797808647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34716815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8042322","display_name":"XML Schema Editor","level":3,"score":0.48027539253234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4413797855377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4407828450202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84314905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212327","display_name":"Document type definition","level":4,"score":0.41216617822647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62701983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207819","display_name":"SGML","level":4,"score":0.4106106460094452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32459744811058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.23936030268669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34330436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q979532","display_name":"XML Signature","level":4,"score":0.17754057049751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2684200.2684311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2684200.2684311","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975037309","https://openalex.org/W2052060145","https://openalex.org/W2147107544","https://openalex.org/W2293072638","https://openalex.org/W4291470561","https://openalex.org/W4320013820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560643532","https://openalex.org/W2351083423","https://openalex.org/W2011024487","https://openalex.org/W2352672621","https://openalex.org/W2605223516","https://openalex.org/W2918781068","https://openalex.org/W4283736786","https://openalex.org/W2354305212","https://openalex.org/W9409462","https://openalex.org/W56340752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,55],"flexibility":[1],"of":[2,59,75,93],"XML":[3,70,94,109],"allows":[4],"document":[5,34,60,71],"to":[6,68,89],"be":[7,29],"annotated":[8],"easily.":[9],"However,":[10],"these":[11],"annotations":[12,26],"come":[13],"from":[14],"different":[15,39],"sources":[16,74],"like":[17],"Wordnet":[18],"thesaurus,":[19],"POS,":[20],"DTD,":[21],"semantic":[22],"roles":[23],"etc.":[24],"These":[25],"can":[27],"either":[28],"combined":[30],"in":[31,38,45,87],"the":[32,80],"same":[33],"or":[35],"captured":[36],"separately":[37],"document.":[40,95,110],"former,":[42],"though":[43],"richer":[44],"annotations,":[46],"may":[47],"look":[48],"messy":[49],"and":[50,106],"requires":[51],"more":[52],"parsing":[53],"time.":[54],"latter":[56],"needs":[57],"control":[58],"consistency.":[61],"This":[62,77],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"a":[65],"string-trees":[66],"model":[67,78,103],"represent":[69],"for":[72,84],"multiple":[73],"annotations.":[76],"extends":[79],"existing":[81],"string-tree":[82],"structure":[83],"linguistic":[85],"content":[86],"order":[88],"support":[90],"structured":[91],"contents":[92],"In":[96],"this":[97,102],"paper,":[98],"we":[99],"describe":[100],"how":[101],"is":[104],"refined":[105],"applied":[107],"on":[108]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}