{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009902292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2674377.2674383","title":"A Feasibility Study of an In-the-Wild Experimental Public Access WiFi Network","display_name":"A Feasibility Study of an In-the-Wild Experimental Public Access WiFi Network","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009902292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2674377.2674383","mag":"2009902292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2674377.2674383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2674377.2674383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Symposium on Computing for Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18834","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040566312","display_name":"Arjuna Sathiaseelan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4796-9006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arjuna Sathiaseelan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043629070","display_name":"Richard Mortier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5205-5992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Mortier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072025960","display_name":"Murray Goulden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murray Goulden","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034509599","display_name":"Christian Greiffenhagen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7544-9246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Greiffenhagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom","Loughborough University, LOUGHBOROUGH, United Kingdom#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University, LOUGHBOROUGH, United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018791184","display_name":"Milena Radenkovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4000-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milena Radenkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062093738","display_name":"Jon Crowcroft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7013-0121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Crowcroft","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027117910","display_name":"Derek McAuley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-9933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek McAuley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040566312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3168,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94578706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7783516645431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6881545782089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.642551839351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"Internet access","score":0.620579183101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5247659683227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.5208354592323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5186228156089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4920920729637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.45033010840415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4422887861728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3976912200450897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3522472679615021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7783516645431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6881545782089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.642551839351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.620579183101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5247659683227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.5208354592323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5186228156089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4920920729637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.45033010840415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4422887861728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3976912200450897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3522472679615021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2674377.2674383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2674377.2674383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Symposium on Computing for Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/18834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:37408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37408/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402013","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/9479123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/A_feasibility_study_of_an_in-the-wild_experimental_public_access_WiFi_network/9479123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"<dc:type>Conference contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:667447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/667447/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:741485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/741485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/18834","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5747388762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EU FP7 288535","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6628412974","display_name":"PAWS: Public Access WiFi Service","funder_award_id":"EP/K012703/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6831102107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K012703/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7810292024","display_name":"Horizon: Digital Economy Hub at the University of Nottingham","funder_award_id":"EP/G065802/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200342760","https://openalex.org/W1558130078","https://openalex.org/W1984574172","https://openalex.org/W1984603266","https://openalex.org/W1990072574","https://openalex.org/W1999536370","https://openalex.org/W2059685495","https://openalex.org/W2072538083","https://openalex.org/W2074028702","https://openalex.org/W2074256710","https://openalex.org/W2075115149","https://openalex.org/W2096369023","https://openalex.org/W2116538608","https://openalex.org/W2122528182","https://openalex.org/W2125982870","https://openalex.org/W2141033252","https://openalex.org/W2141847331","https://openalex.org/W2142166989","https://openalex.org/W2151133911","https://openalex.org/W2157895134","https://openalex.org/W2159548212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2285881266","https://openalex.org/W4254621688","https://openalex.org/W49024410","https://openalex.org/W2351199324","https://openalex.org/W4242264926","https://openalex.org/W2287826548","https://openalex.org/W4297243479","https://openalex.org/W2492916671","https://openalex.org/W3125682235","https://openalex.org/W1538293530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Universal":[0],"Internet":[1,43,146],"access":[2,147],"has":[3,141],"become":[4],"critical":[5],"to":[6,10,15,34,117,144,149],"modern":[7],"life,":[8],"leading":[9],"many":[11,150],"explorations":[12],"of":[13,27,41,49,64,83,96,105,111,122,127],"approaches":[14],"increase":[16],"its":[17],"availability.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20,84,97],"paper":[21],"we":[22],"report":[23,101],"on":[24,79,102],"a":[25,67,71,94,109],"study":[26],"one":[28],"such":[29],"approach,":[30],"PAWS,":[31],"that":[32,133],"seeks":[33],"understand":[35],"the":[36,47,59,77,87,103,123,128,142],"technical":[37,60,164],"and":[38,61,75,80,89,125,137,140,165],"social":[39,62],"constraints":[40,78],"providing":[42],"access,":[44],"free":[45],"at":[46],"point":[48],"use,":[50],"by":[51],"sharing":[52],"existing":[53],"broadband":[54],"subscribers'":[55],"connections.":[56],"We":[57,99],"elaborate":[58],"context":[63],"our":[65,106],"deployment,":[66],"deprived":[68],"neighbourhood":[69],"in":[70],"medium-sized":[72],"British":[73],"city,":[74],"discuss":[76],"resulting":[81],"architecture":[82],"system,":[85],"including":[86,120],"authentication":[88],"security":[90],"mechanisms":[91],"necessary":[92],"for":[93],"service":[95],"kind.":[98],"then":[100],"use":[104],"deployment":[107],"over":[108],"period":[110],"seven":[112],"months":[113],"from":[114],"July":[115],"2013":[116],"February":[118],"2014,":[119],"analyses":[121],"performance":[124],"usage":[126],"network.":[129],"Our":[130],"data":[131],"show":[132],"PAWS":[134],"is":[135],"socially":[136],"technically":[138],"feasible":[139],"potential":[143],"provide":[145],"economically":[148],"who":[151],"are":[152],"currently":[153],"digitally":[154],"disenfranchised.":[155],"However,":[156],"doing":[157],"so":[158],"requires":[159],"overcoming":[160],"numerous":[161],"challenges,":[162],"both":[163],"social.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}