{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090655269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661136.2661156","title":"The Programming Language Wars","display_name":"The Programming Language Wars","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090655269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661136.2661156","mag":"2090655269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2661136.2661156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661136.2661156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming &amp; Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046529373","display_name":"Andreas Stefik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-5862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Stefik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027034338","display_name":"Stefan Hanenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Hanenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046529373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97740478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"283","last_page":"299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7640783786773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.7323409914970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.6468770503997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6350865364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","score":0.574993371963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language-theory","display_name":"Programming language theory","score":0.5437269806861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-generation-programming-language","display_name":"First-generation programming language","score":0.5350894331932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","score":0.469882994890213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.45396149158477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.4090098738670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2832053005695343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7640783786773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7323409914970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.6468770503997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6350865364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199305712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3205914","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.574993371963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18701968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670534","display_name":"Programming language theory","level":4,"score":0.5437269806861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C570499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289116","display_name":"First-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.5350894331932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11164408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18657800","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","level":4,"score":0.469882994890213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45396149158477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.4090098738670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2832053005695343}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2661136.2661156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661136.2661156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming &amp; Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W634043428","https://openalex.org/W1491946457","https://openalex.org/W1570764682","https://openalex.org/W1963557108","https://openalex.org/W1963815981","https://openalex.org/W1965854491","https://openalex.org/W1967588523","https://openalex.org/W1975976188","https://openalex.org/W1980337428","https://openalex.org/W1982864902","https://openalex.org/W1986899979","https://openalex.org/W1990693616","https://openalex.org/W1991600829","https://openalex.org/W1992839463","https://openalex.org/W2009908982","https://openalex.org/W2012761058","https://openalex.org/W2029414465","https://openalex.org/W2035206966","https://openalex.org/W2045781957","https://openalex.org/W2048464280","https://openalex.org/W2048525124","https://openalex.org/W2050823810","https://openalex.org/W2052300761","https://openalex.org/W2062190659","https://openalex.org/W2063989349","https://openalex.org/W2064625458","https://openalex.org/W2071603181","https://openalex.org/W2076089459","https://openalex.org/W2079166885","https://openalex.org/W2079676826","https://openalex.org/W2084050405","https://openalex.org/W2084429940","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2093495548","https://openalex.org/W2101545021","https://openalex.org/W2101753349","https://openalex.org/W2102979206","https://openalex.org/W2106558531","https://openalex.org/W2113294746","https://openalex.org/W2124212956","https://openalex.org/W2126709225","https://openalex.org/W2137417304","https://openalex.org/W2138707512","https://openalex.org/W2142867733","https://openalex.org/W2150699386","https://openalex.org/W2157148654","https://openalex.org/W2157223575","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2168986107","https://openalex.org/W2296748791","https://openalex.org/W4250450721","https://openalex.org/W4254691308","https://openalex.org/W4255091852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1024151587","https://openalex.org/W1973795410","https://openalex.org/W2293661945","https://openalex.org/W2999858054","https://openalex.org/W4252923434","https://openalex.org/W2184196891","https://openalex.org/W2921313747","https://openalex.org/W2954318817","https://openalex.org/W4313289351","https://openalex.org/W2623854567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"discipline":[1],"of":[2,25,57,62,97],"computer":[3,12,126],"science":[4],"has":[5,53],"a":[6,22,45,54,88],"long":[7],"and":[8,69,76,95],"complicated":[9],"history":[10],"with":[11,64],"programming":[13,49,59,85],"languages.":[14],"Historically,":[15],"inventors":[16],"have":[17],"created":[18],"language":[19,50,86,98],"products":[20],"for":[21],"wide":[23],"variety":[24,56],"reasons,":[26],"from":[27],"attempts":[28],"at":[29],"making":[30],"domain":[31],"specific":[32],"tasks":[33],"easier":[34],"or":[35,41,109],"technical":[36],"achievements,":[37],"to":[38,129],"economic,":[39],"social,":[40],"political":[42],"reasons.":[43],"As":[44],"consequence,":[46],"the":[47,84,92,115,134],"modern":[48],"industry":[51],"now":[52],"large":[55],"incompatible":[58],"languages,":[60],"each":[61],"which":[63,90,120],"unique":[65],"syntax,":[66],"semantics,":[67],"toolsets,":[68],"often":[70,101],"their":[71],"own":[72],"standard":[73],"libraries,":[74],"lifetimes,":[75],"costs.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"we":[81],"suggest":[82],"that":[83,105],"wars,":[87],"term":[89],"describes":[91],"broad":[93,118],"divergence":[94],"impact":[96],"designs,":[99],"including":[100],"pseudo-scientific":[102],"claims":[103],"made":[104],"they":[106],"are":[107],"good":[108],"bad,":[110],"may":[111],"be":[112,130],"negatively":[113],"impacting":[114],"world.":[116],"This":[117],"problem,":[119],"is":[121],"almost":[122],"completely":[123],"ignored":[124],"in":[125],"science,":[127],"needs":[128],"acted":[131],"upon":[132],"by":[133],"community.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
