{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4235668801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661088.2661102","title":"Why do we know so little about programming languages, and what would have happened if we had known more?","display_name":"Why do we know so little about programming languages, and what would have happened if we had known more?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4235668801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661088.2661102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2661088.2661102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661088.2661102","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Dynamic languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027034338","display_name":"Stefan Hanenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Hanenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027034338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86313224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7760177850723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.6918426752090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6460660696029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5377732515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.5175501704216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.48205289244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","score":0.47433796525001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.4374507963657379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-generation-programming-language","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","score":0.41184157133102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11334216594696045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7760177850723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.6918426752090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6460660696029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5377732515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5175501704216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.48205289244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199305712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3205914","display_name":"Fifth-generation programming language","level":3,"score":0.47433796525001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.4374507963657379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11164408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18657800","display_name":"Second-generation programming language","level":4,"score":0.41184157133102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11334216594696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2661088.2661102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2661088.2661102","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Dynamic languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045781957","https://openalex.org/W2090655269","https://openalex.org/W4229772528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950202488","https://openalex.org/W2604424424","https://openalex.org/W1024151587","https://openalex.org/W1973795410","https://openalex.org/W2999858054","https://openalex.org/W4252923434","https://openalex.org/W2954318817","https://openalex.org/W2623854567","https://openalex.org/W4318211872","https://openalex.org/W2140911998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"language":[1,38,50,72,143],"research":[2],"in":[3,101,111],"the":[4,33,54,70,92,130,141,171],"last":[5],"decades":[6],"was":[7],"mainly":[8],"driven":[9],"by":[10],"mathematical":[11],"methods":[12,96,113],"(such":[13],"as":[14],"formal":[15],"semantics,":[16],"correctness":[17],"proofs,":[18,21],"type":[19],"soundness":[20],"etc.)":[22],"or":[23],"run-time":[24],"arguments":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27,140],"benchmark":[28],"tests.":[29],"This":[30],"happened":[31,150],"despite":[32],"frequent":[34],"discussion":[35],"over":[36],"programming":[37,142,152,168],"usability.":[39],"We":[40],"have":[41,138,149,158],"now":[42],"been":[43,159],"through":[44],"decade":[45,47],"after":[46,51],"of":[48,85,94,120],"one":[49],"another":[52],"domainating":[53],"field,":[55],"forcing":[56],"companies":[57],"to":[58,68,73,77,89,105,114,127,151],"switch":[59],"languages":[60,153,169],"and":[61,104],"migrate":[62],"libraries.":[63],"Now":[64],"that":[65,133],"Javascript":[66],"seems":[67],"be":[69,109,175],"next":[71],"dominate,":[74],"people":[75],"start":[76],"ask":[78],"old":[79],"questions":[80],"anew.":[81],"The":[82,123],"first":[83],"goal":[84,125],"this":[86],"talk":[87],"is":[88,97,126],"discuss":[90,106],"why":[91],"application":[93],"empirical":[95,112,135],"(still)":[98],"relatively":[99],"rare":[100],"PL":[102,121],"research,":[103],"what":[107,147],"could":[108,137],"done":[110],"make":[115],"them":[116],"a":[117],"substantial":[118],"part":[119],"research.":[122],"second":[124],"speculate":[128],"about":[129,167],"possible":[131],"effects":[132],"concrete":[134],"knowledge":[136,156,166],"had":[139],"community.":[144],"For":[145],"example,":[146],"would":[148,157,174],"if":[154,165],"current":[155],"available":[160,176],"30":[161],"years":[162],"ago?":[163],"What":[164],"from":[170],"year":[172],"2050":[173],"today?":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}