{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985776777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2508859.2516657","title":"Protocol misidentification made easy with format-transforming encryption","display_name":"Protocol misidentification made easy with format-transforming encryption","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985776777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2508859.2516657","mag":"1985776777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2508859.2516657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2508859.2516657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer &amp; communications security - CCS '13","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091357069","display_name":"Kevin P. Dyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin P. Dyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","(Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027501147","display_name":"Scott E. Coull","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6921-1842"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott E. Coull","raw_affiliation_strings":["RedJack, LLC., Silver Spring, MD, USA","RedJack, LLC, Silver Spring, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RedJack, LLC., Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RedJack, LLC, Silver Spring, MD, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003774887","display_name":"Thomas Ristenpart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8642-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Ristenpart","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","University of Wisconsin- Madison Madison WI USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin- Madison Madison WI USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023897618","display_name":"Thomas Shrimpton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-5634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Shrimpton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","(Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"61","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7748852968215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6394451856613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6368687152862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-packet-inspection","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","score":0.567361056804657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5110644102096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.48428887128829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33970996737480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3233642578125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7748852968215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6394451856613159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6368687152862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.567361056804657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5110644102096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.48428887128829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33970996737480164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3233642578125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2508859.2516657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2508859.2516657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer &amp; communications security - CCS '13","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120790494","https://openalex.org/W139582188","https://openalex.org/W1481628066","https://openalex.org/W1517860926","https://openalex.org/W1574648570","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1673464365","https://openalex.org/W1763270762","https://openalex.org/W1970003832","https://openalex.org/W1981243398","https://openalex.org/W1981790149","https://openalex.org/W1985987493","https://openalex.org/W2023276871","https://openalex.org/W2031211716","https://openalex.org/W2031794885","https://openalex.org/W2042477294","https://openalex.org/W2053268785","https://openalex.org/W2066064284","https://openalex.org/W2073879013","https://openalex.org/W2094522125","https://openalex.org/W2095815177","https://openalex.org/W2096118443","https://openalex.org/W2097725665","https://openalex.org/W2100583963","https://openalex.org/W2111695118","https://openalex.org/W2119895316","https://openalex.org/W2122226347","https://openalex.org/W2122438665","https://openalex.org/W2122650430","https://openalex.org/W2131033000","https://openalex.org/W2133665104","https://openalex.org/W2134632326","https://openalex.org/W2138779530","https://openalex.org/W2145377500","https://openalex.org/W2149225459","https://openalex.org/W2149274049","https://openalex.org/W2149600645","https://openalex.org/W2157428729","https://openalex.org/W2172163424","https://openalex.org/W2251322477","https://openalex.org/W2266218113","https://openalex.org/W2399392249","https://openalex.org/W2404168686","https://openalex.org/W3021187106","https://openalex.org/W3150719513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2797286879","https://openalex.org/W1544967040","https://openalex.org/W2594425278","https://openalex.org/W3171249834","https://openalex.org/W4206366499","https://openalex.org/W2381288267","https://openalex.org/W2155469080","https://openalex.org/W3160314615","https://openalex.org/W2299887038","https://openalex.org/W2782351397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"packet":[1,29],"inspection":[2],"(DPI)":[3],"technologies":[4],"provide":[5,35],"much-needed":[6],"visibility":[7],"and":[8,111,138,154,177],"control":[9],"of":[10,40,44,50,52,96,121,188],"network":[11,19,61,176],"traffic":[12],"using":[13,144],"port-independent":[14],"protocol":[15,26,53],"identification,":[16],"where":[17],"a":[18,41,73,94,129,147],"flow":[20],"is":[21],"labeled":[22],"with":[23,86],"its":[24],"application-layer":[25,109],"based":[27],"on":[28,59],"contents.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,116],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,112,167],"the":[36,48,60,65,87,91,122,173,185],"first":[37],"comprehensive":[38],"evaluation":[39],"large":[42,136],"set":[43,127],"DPI":[45,66,124,132],"systems":[46],"from":[47],"point":[49],"view":[51],"misidentification":[54,118],"attacks,":[55],"in":[56],"which":[57,81],"adversaries":[58],"attempt":[62],"to":[63,67,89,162],"force":[64],"mislabel":[68],"connections.":[69],"Our":[70],"approach":[71],"uses":[72],"new":[74],"cryptographic":[75],"primitive":[76],"called":[77],"format-transforming":[78],"encryption":[79,85],"(FTE),":[80],"extends":[82],"conventional":[83],"symmetric":[84],"ability":[88],"transform":[90],"ciphertext":[92],"into":[93,172],"format":[95],"our":[97,169],"choosing.":[98],"We":[99,140],"design":[100],"an":[101],"FTE-based":[102],"record":[103],"layer":[104],"that":[105,115,143,179],"can":[106],"encrypt":[107],"arbitrary":[108],"traffic,":[110],"experimentally":[113],"show":[114,142],"forces":[117],"for":[119],"all":[120],"evaluated":[123],"systems.":[125],"This":[126],"includes":[128],"proprietary,":[130],"enterprise-class":[131],"system":[133,149],"used":[134],"by":[135,184],"corporations":[137],"nation-states.":[139],"also":[141],"FTE":[145,170],"as":[146,155,157],"proxy":[148,171],"incurs":[150],"no":[151],"latency":[152],"overhead":[153,160],"little":[156],"16\\%":[158],"bandwidth":[159],"compared":[161],"standard":[163],"SSH":[164],"tunnels.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"integrate":[168],"Tor":[174],"anonymity":[175],"demonstrate":[178],"it":[180],"evades":[181],"real-world":[182],"censorship":[183],"Great":[186],"Firewall":[187],"China.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
