{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970496275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2398936.2398941","title":"A low-cost and flexible underwater platform to promote experiments in UWSN research","display_name":"A low-cost and flexible underwater platform to promote experiments in UWSN research","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970496275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2398936.2398941","mag":"1970496275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2398936.2398941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2398936.2398941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM International Conference on Underwater Networks and Systems - WUWNet '12","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080176976","display_name":"Niaz Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2366-2368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niaz Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","National University of computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071383909","display_name":"Waqas Bin Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3860-1576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqas bin Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","National University of computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111919987","display_name":"Affan A. Syed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Affan A. Syed","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","National University of computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080176976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95458978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.8017261028289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7310158014297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6611870527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.594138503074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5069239735603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.45602911710739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4524378776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.443717896938324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4144386947154999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3394366502761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.28123539686203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2525901794433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21395674347877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1280229687690735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.8017261028289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7310158014297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6611870527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.594138503074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5069239735603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45602911710739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4524378776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.443717896938324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4144386947154999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3394366502761841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28123539686203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2525901794433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21395674347877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1280229687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2398936.2398941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2398936.2398941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Seventh ACM International Conference on Underwater Networks and Systems - WUWNet '12","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.721.1283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.721.1283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isb.nu.edu.pk/affan/papers/wuwnet_12.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534825671","https://openalex.org/W1607802454","https://openalex.org/W1970705443","https://openalex.org/W1973794660","https://openalex.org/W2020602398","https://openalex.org/W2042848283","https://openalex.org/W2063884165","https://openalex.org/W2102833639","https://openalex.org/W2107213416","https://openalex.org/W2127472584","https://openalex.org/W2127747945","https://openalex.org/W2157012321","https://openalex.org/W2157875131","https://openalex.org/W2164650395","https://openalex.org/W2244296441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3081304190","https://openalex.org/W2477841276","https://openalex.org/W4225540233","https://openalex.org/W1989468614","https://openalex.org/W46613192","https://openalex.org/W2556643280","https://openalex.org/W4285703999","https://openalex.org/W2185568765","https://openalex.org/W2353494610","https://openalex.org/W3214188517"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0,103],"acoustic":[1],"sensor":[2],"networks":[3],"(UWSN)":[4],"is":[5,79],"a":[6,94,110,131,159,175,198],"relatively":[7],"new":[8],"research":[9,77],"area,":[10],"and":[11,24,33,59,67,91,114,122,173,195],"remains":[12,70],"quite":[13],"challenging":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,105,119,129,156,188],"limited":[17],"bandwidth,":[18],"low":[19],"data":[20,178],"rate,":[21],"severe":[22],"multipath,":[23],"high":[25,85],"variability":[26],"in":[27,43,192],"the":[28,62,186],"channel":[29,35],"conditions.":[30],"These":[31],"complicated":[32],"non-linear":[34],"characteristics":[36],"render":[37],"incorrect":[38],"most":[39],"simplifying":[40],"assumptions":[41],"used":[42],"simulations.":[44],"We":[45,74,100,125,162,181],"believe":[46,182],"that,":[47],"while":[48,151],"researchers":[49],"have":[50],"proposed":[51],"several":[52],"novel":[53],"protocols,":[54],"their":[55],"use":[56],"of":[57,65,87,93,177],"models":[58],"simulations":[60],"as":[61,146],"only":[63],"form":[64],"validation":[66],"intra-protocol":[68],"comparison":[69,200],"removed":[71],"from":[72],"reality.":[73],"argue":[75],"that":[76,135,144,164],"experimentation":[78],"hindered":[80],"by":[81],"two":[82],"fundamental":[83],"constraints:":[84],"cost":[86],"underwater":[88,116,193],"networking":[89],"experiments,":[90],"lack":[92],"single,":[95],"easily-replicable":[96],"platform":[97,117,166,184],"for":[98],"evaluation.":[99],"present":[101],"here":[102],"Platform":[104],"Promote":[106],"Experimental":[107],"Research":[108],"(UPPER):":[109],"low-cost":[111],"(about":[112],"$25/node)":[113],"flexible":[115],"designed":[118],"enable":[120],"cost-effective":[121],"repeatable":[123],"experimentation.":[124],"utilize":[126],"COTS":[127],"components":[128],"provide":[130],"HW/SW":[132],"integrated":[133],"solution":[134],"interfaces":[136],"our":[137,165,183],"custom":[138],"hydrophones":[139],"($5":[140],"ea.)":[141],"with":[142,201],"laptops":[143],"act":[145],"an":[147],"SDR-based":[148],"physical":[149],"layer,":[150],"allowing":[152,197],"higher":[153],"layer":[154],"protocols":[155],"interact":[157],"via":[158],"plug-and-play":[160],"interface.":[161],"show":[163],"can":[167],"communicate":[168],"over":[169,174],"small":[170],"(5-10m)":[171],"distances":[172],"range":[176],"rates":[179],"(100-600bps).":[180],"removes":[185],"barrier":[187],"validating":[189],"simulation":[190],"results":[191],"environments":[194],"also":[196],"fair":[199],"related":[202],"protocols.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
