{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101658911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979359","title":"Prototyping dynamics","display_name":"Prototyping dynamics","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101658911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979359","mag":"2101658911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1978942.1979359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051426773","display_name":"Steven P. Dow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1354-9866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Dow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023021804","display_name":"Julie Fortuna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Fortuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031938001","display_name":"Dan Schwartz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007163556","display_name":"Beth Altringer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beth Altringer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051808588","display_name":"Daniel L. Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-8312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023550565","display_name":"Scott Klemmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-0805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Klemmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2807","last_page":"2816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.6229979395866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6159499883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5039457678794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45738285779953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3325231075286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10212230682373047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.6229979395866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6159499883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5039457678794861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45738285779953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3325231075286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10212230682373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1978942.1979359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979359","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W269751065","https://openalex.org/W610642735","https://openalex.org/W650486045","https://openalex.org/W1137172159","https://openalex.org/W1500115195","https://openalex.org/W1507165380","https://openalex.org/W1515837149","https://openalex.org/W1522024619","https://openalex.org/W1536258620","https://openalex.org/W1581903624","https://openalex.org/W1588350626","https://openalex.org/W1697354366","https://openalex.org/W1737802827","https://openalex.org/W1859579244","https://openalex.org/W1887964395","https://openalex.org/W1969937540","https://openalex.org/W1976097260","https://openalex.org/W1976589586","https://openalex.org/W1990179990","https://openalex.org/W2006397401","https://openalex.org/W2014400530","https://openalex.org/W2014833927","https://openalex.org/W2023435434","https://openalex.org/W2026744469","https://openalex.org/W2034229061","https://openalex.org/W2036763306","https://openalex.org/W2045510465","https://openalex.org/W2048431936","https://openalex.org/W2048472230","https://openalex.org/W2048701525","https://openalex.org/W2053859636","https://openalex.org/W2058173850","https://openalex.org/W2065388575","https://openalex.org/W2067150274","https://openalex.org/W2071873073","https://openalex.org/W2073271971","https://openalex.org/W2075585362","https://openalex.org/W2079926051","https://openalex.org/W2087820931","https://openalex.org/W2111543480","https://openalex.org/W2113638791","https://openalex.org/W2116705992","https://openalex.org/W2126311339","https://openalex.org/W2128195326","https://openalex.org/W2129203575","https://openalex.org/W2133885443","https://openalex.org/W2134595450","https://openalex.org/W2138035124","https://openalex.org/W2139374478","https://openalex.org/W2139754276","https://openalex.org/W2142448246","https://openalex.org/W2147781035","https://openalex.org/W2154583606","https://openalex.org/W2158768270","https://openalex.org/W2162514427","https://openalex.org/W2168341514","https://openalex.org/W2172127625","https://openalex.org/W2249172038","https://openalex.org/W2568476927","https://openalex.org/W2593739743","https://openalex.org/W2615638395","https://openalex.org/W2727355270","https://openalex.org/W3122581948","https://openalex.org/W3142501713","https://openalex.org/W4213051584","https://openalex.org/W4232608142","https://openalex.org/W4256005559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2978999882","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2153369162","https://openalex.org/W2181392282","https://openalex.org/W2039552377","https://openalex.org/W2015462925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prototypes":[0],"ground":[1],"group":[2,88],"communication":[3],"and":[4,20,38,51,64,76,87,110,126],"facilitate":[5],"decision":[6],"making.":[7],"However,":[8],"overly":[9],"investing":[10],"in":[11],"a":[12,32,42,104,128],"single":[13],"design":[14],"idea":[15],"can":[16],"lead":[17],"to":[18,67],"fixation":[19],"impede":[21],"the":[22,45,56,70],"collaborative":[23],"process.":[24],"Does":[25],"sharing":[26],"multiple":[27,81],"designs":[28,82],"improve":[29],"collaboration?":[30],"In":[31,44,55,69],"study,":[33],"participants":[34,49,60,74,91],"created":[35],"advertisements":[36],"individually":[37],"then":[39],"met":[40],"with":[41],"partner.":[43],"Share":[46,57,71],"Multiple":[47],"condition,":[48,59,73],"designed":[50,61,75],"shared":[52,77],"three":[53,62],"ads.":[54],"Best":[58],"ads":[63,121],"selected":[65],"one":[66,78],"share.":[68],"One":[72],"ad.":[79],"Sharing":[80],"improved":[83],"outcome,":[84],"exploration,":[85],"sharing,":[86],"rapport.":[89],"These":[90],"integrated":[92],"more":[93,105,112,124],"of":[94,108,115],"their":[95,99,116,120],"partner's":[96,117],"ideas":[97],"into":[98],"own":[100],"subsequent":[101],"designs,":[102],"explored":[103],"divergent":[106],"set":[107],"ideas,":[109],"provided":[111],"productive":[113],"critiques":[114],"designs.":[118],"Furthermore,":[119],"were":[122],"rated":[123],"highly":[125],"garnered":[127],"higher":[129],"click-through":[130],"rate":[131],"when":[132],"hosted":[133],"online.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}