{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055046355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1947940.1947987","title":"An effective pixel-wise fragile watermarking scheme based on ARA bits","display_name":"An effective pixel-wise fragile watermarking scheme based on ARA bits","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055046355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1947940.1947987","mag":"2055046355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1947940.1947987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1947940.1947987","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communication, Computing &amp; Security - ICCCS '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007493975","display_name":"Shivendra Shivani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-6603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152869788","display_name":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dp7tp96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shivendra Shivani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India","MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ALLAHABAD, INDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ALLAHABAD, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102937529","display_name":"Anoop Kumar Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3249-3888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152869788","display_name":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dp7tp96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anoop Kumar Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India","MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ALLAHABAD, INDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ALLAHABAD, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070282232","display_name":"Sushila Kamble","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152869788","display_name":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dp7tp96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushila Kamble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India","MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ALLAHABAD, INDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ALLAHABAD, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102079330","display_name":"Suneeta Agarwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152869788","display_name":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04dp7tp96","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suneeta Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India","MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ALLAHABAD, INDIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ALLAHABAD, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007493975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152869788"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74933114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"221","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8906382322311401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6648542284965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6579611301422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5947510004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3611134886741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.30579549074172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21494010090827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2052476704120636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8906382322311401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6648542284965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6579611301422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5947510004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3611134886741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.30579549074172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21494010090827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2052476704120636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1947940.1947987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1947940.1947987","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communication, Computing &amp; Security - ICCCS '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555855298","https://openalex.org/W1976231892","https://openalex.org/W1994869385","https://openalex.org/W2095682444","https://openalex.org/W2105038642","https://openalex.org/W2105342237","https://openalex.org/W2110150931","https://openalex.org/W2124894342","https://openalex.org/W2138530581","https://openalex.org/W2147290307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361629745","https://openalex.org/W2107922825","https://openalex.org/W3094285444","https://openalex.org/W1568204688","https://openalex.org/W2381262728","https://openalex.org/W2111592878","https://openalex.org/W1846726187","https://openalex.org/W2009856579","https://openalex.org/W1593964766","https://openalex.org/W2387614453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Potential":[0],"for":[1],"exactly":[2],"tracing":[3],"maliciously":[4],"altered":[5,70],"pixels":[6,71],"is":[7],"currently":[8],"desired":[9],"in":[10],"image":[11],"authentication.":[12],"This":[13],"paper":[14],"proposes":[15],"an":[16],"efficient":[17],"pixel-wise":[18],"fragile":[19],"watermarking":[20],"scheme,":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23],"ARA":[24,33,63],"(Authentication":[25],"Relational":[26],"&":[27],"Associative)":[28],"bits.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"scheme":[32],"bits":[34],"are":[35],"embedded":[36],"as":[37],"a":[38],"watermark":[39],"into":[40],"the":[41,49,53,58,69,73],"first":[42],"three":[43],"LSBs":[44,60],"of":[45,48,72],"each":[46],"pixel":[47],"host":[50,74],"image.":[51,75],"On":[52],"receiver":[54],"end,":[55],"by":[56],"comparing":[57],"extracted":[59],"and":[61],"recalculated":[62],"bits,":[64],"one":[65],"can":[66],"easily":[67],"recognize":[68]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
