{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086030604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500518.1500644","title":"The design of PLAIN","display_name":"The design of PLAIN","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086030604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500518.1500644","mag":"2086030604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500518.1500644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500518.1500644","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1500518.1500644","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1980, national computer conference on - AFIPS '80","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1500518.1500644","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048392112","display_name":"Anthony I. Wasserman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-8085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anthony I. Wasserman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, San Francisco, California","University of California,#R#San Francisco, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,#R#San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048392112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3599,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94485416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"731","last_page":"731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7538710832595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5556554198265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5416842103004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design","display_name":"Software design","score":0.4791514277458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.4705778956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4558698832988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.4376394748687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4228544235229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.42222777009010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3363455533981323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7538710832595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5556554198265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5416842103004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52913732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857102","display_name":"Software design","level":4,"score":0.4791514277458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.4705778956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4558698832988739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.4376394748687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4228544235229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42222777009010315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3363455533981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500518.1500644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500518.1500644","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1500518.1500644","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1980, national computer conference on - AFIPS '80","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500518.1500644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500518.1500644","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1500518.1500644","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 19-22, 1980, national computer conference on - AFIPS '80","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1818414991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RR-1081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332622","funder_display_name":"University of California, San Francisco"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332622","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086030604.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086030604.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44887418","https://openalex.org/W190309302","https://openalex.org/W1523231357","https://openalex.org/W1976100766","https://openalex.org/W1983052873","https://openalex.org/W1989631754","https://openalex.org/W1990070401","https://openalex.org/W1995384620","https://openalex.org/W1995912006","https://openalex.org/W2004158097","https://openalex.org/W2007774531","https://openalex.org/W2008395018","https://openalex.org/W2018365357","https://openalex.org/W2020425553","https://openalex.org/W2026229407","https://openalex.org/W2069278147","https://openalex.org/W2078235355","https://openalex.org/W2096958718","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2106348655","https://openalex.org/W2118252041","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2148620491","https://openalex.org/W2148817888","https://openalex.org/W2156076209","https://openalex.org/W2161101035","https://openalex.org/W2163387210","https://openalex.org/W2165467455","https://openalex.org/W2339337913","https://openalex.org/W2482443810","https://openalex.org/W2792939069","https://openalex.org/W2794888075","https://openalex.org/W2911980423","https://openalex.org/W2913634421","https://openalex.org/W2986626097","https://openalex.org/W2988746365","https://openalex.org/W3127521710","https://openalex.org/W3160136729","https://openalex.org/W3173273678","https://openalex.org/W4236344991","https://openalex.org/W4248644984","https://openalex.org/W4300377269","https://openalex.org/W6607674261","https://openalex.org/W6631475362","https://openalex.org/W6644254673","https://openalex.org/W6646022153","https://openalex.org/W6647596335","https://openalex.org/W6649079535","https://openalex.org/W6651278134","https://openalex.org/W6658361905","https://openalex.org/W6676053513","https://openalex.org/W6682360254","https://openalex.org/W6682947372","https://openalex.org/W6683892997","https://openalex.org/W6769489567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999032081","https://openalex.org/W2493574073","https://openalex.org/W60159566","https://openalex.org/W2393967298","https://openalex.org/W4390136542","https://openalex.org/W3083779334","https://openalex.org/W2067995378","https://openalex.org/W1552400906","https://openalex.org/W2619055811","https://openalex.org/W4253428884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"successful":[1],"construction":[2],"of":[3,12,30,45,54,57,69],"medium":[4],"and":[5,38,84],"large":[6],"software":[7,25],"systems":[8],"requires":[9,51],"the":[10,13,17,28,43,52,63,67],"management":[11],"complexity":[14],"inherent":[15],"in":[16,86],"problem":[18,36],"being":[19],"programmed.":[20],"A":[21],"well-disciplined":[22],"approach":[23],"to":[24,42,89,96],"development":[26],"involves":[27],"production":[29,53],"a":[31,34,74],"complete":[32,35],"specification,":[33,65],"solution,":[37],"program":[39,58,75],"design":[40,59,76],"prior":[41],"inception":[44],"actual":[46],"coding.":[47],"In":[48],"practice,":[49],"this":[50],"some":[55,87],"form":[56],"representation":[60],"[1]":[61],"from":[62],"original":[64],"with":[66,73],"action":[68],"each":[70],"module":[71],"specified":[72,83],"language":[77],"[2].":[78],"Furthermore,":[79],"data":[80,91,98],"structures":[81],"are":[82],"refined,":[85],"cases":[88],"physical":[90],"structures,":[92],"but":[93],"more":[94],"commonly":[95],"logical":[97],"structures.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}