{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091563553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500175.1500231","title":"Hardware / software design considerations for high speed / low cost interactive graphic communication systems","display_name":"Hardware / software design considerations for high speed / low cost interactive graphic communication systems","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091563553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500175.1500231","mag":"2091563553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500175.1500231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500175.1500231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '74","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061427779","display_name":"Thomas L. Boardman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas L. Boardman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan","University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061427779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78873239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"273","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.90829998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.90829998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm","display_name":"IBM","score":0.723913311958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.6681217551231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace","display_name":"Aerospace","score":0.6617348194122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.64560467004776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.567045271396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","score":0.5494470000267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.43977484107017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibm-pc-compatible","display_name":"IBM PC compatible","score":0.4150989055633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.37211471796035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2279651165008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2129376232624054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70388272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5968558","display_name":"IBM","level":2,"score":0.723913311958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.6681217551231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167740415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2876213","display_name":"Aerospace","level":2,"score":0.6617348194122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.64560467004776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.567045271396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.5494470000267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.43977484107017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77741850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751046","display_name":"IBM PC compatible","level":3,"score":0.4150989055633545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37211471796035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2279651165008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2129376232624054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500175.1500231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500175.1500231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '74","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100691759","https://openalex.org/W1571986296","https://openalex.org/W2132233302","https://openalex.org/W2156286891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245655478","https://openalex.org/W628040712","https://openalex.org/W2490950126","https://openalex.org/W1974489212","https://openalex.org/W2115322724","https://openalex.org/W2145497449","https://openalex.org/W4250790423","https://openalex.org/W4235208381","https://openalex.org/W1596797873","https://openalex.org/W2132430464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graphics":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2,23],"among":[3],"the":[4,9,17,30],"most":[5],"exciting":[6],"areas":[7],"of":[8],"computer":[10],"business":[11],"since":[12],"its":[13],"dramatic":[14],"appearance":[15],"in":[16,74],"early":[18],"1960's":[19],"(Sketchpad).":[20],"There":[21],"have":[22],"many":[24],"significant":[25],"applications":[26],"throughout":[27],"NASA":[28],"and":[29,36,68],"aerospace":[31],"industries,":[32],"some":[33,38],"large":[34,53],"companies,":[35],"even":[37],"sponsored":[39],"university":[40],"projects.":[41],"These":[42],"have,":[43],"however,":[44],"utilized":[45],"high":[46],"cost":[47],"graphic":[48],"equipment,":[49],"connected":[50],"directly":[51],"to":[52],"scale":[54],"(CDC":[55],"6000":[56],"or":[57,77],"IBM":[58],"360/50+)":[59],"mainframes":[60],"often":[61],"on":[62],"a":[63],"dedicated":[64],"basis.":[65],"The":[66],"terminal":[67],"mainframe":[69],"costs":[70],"precluded":[71],"general":[72],"use":[73],"small":[75],"companies":[76],"universities.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
