{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079946415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500175.1500196","title":"An alternate interface to computers for the physically handicapped","display_name":"An alternate interface to computers for the physically handicapped","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079946415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500175.1500196","mag":"2079946415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500175.1500196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500175.1500196","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '74","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009991517","display_name":"Gregg C. Vanderheiden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregg C. Vanderheiden","raw_affiliation_strings":["[University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043708153","display_name":"A. M. Volk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew M. Volk","raw_affiliation_strings":["[University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103407402","display_name":"C. Daniel Geisler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Daniel Geisler","raw_affiliation_strings":["[University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009991517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53330184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"115","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.48170000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.48170000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.460099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.4129999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.7500413656234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellect","display_name":"Intellect","score":0.717380166053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.6360453963279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6242872476577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.592355489730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5333025455474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4713769853115082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.4292060136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.41971391439437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.36598676443099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19211223721504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13858139514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07624045014381409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.7500413656234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780146897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353284","display_name":"Intellect","level":2,"score":0.717380166053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.6360453963279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6242872476577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.592355489730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5333025455474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4713769853115082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.4292060136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.41971391439437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36598676443099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19211223721504211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13858139514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07624045014381409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1500175.1500196","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1500175.1500196","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 6-10, 1974, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '74","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057024785","https://openalex.org/W2985030172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394426707","https://openalex.org/W4387252890","https://openalex.org/W4387266050","https://openalex.org/W3011862317","https://openalex.org/W4292099949","https://openalex.org/W3043412558","https://openalex.org/W2738674926","https://openalex.org/W2368259592","https://openalex.org/W1649706580","https://openalex.org/W3195608031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"many":[1],"individuals":[2,104],"severe":[3],"physical":[4,18,29],"handicaps":[5],"have":[6],"completely":[7],"cut":[8],"off":[9],"most":[10],"avenues":[11,98],"of":[12,80,122,129],"personal":[13],"development":[14],"and":[15,52,94,117],"employment.":[16,133],"Their":[17],"involvement":[19],"bars":[20],"them":[21,107],"from":[22],"any":[23],"constructive":[24],"or":[25,30,39,82],"creative":[26],"activities":[27],"requiring":[28],"manipulative":[31],"abilities.":[32],"Moreover,":[33],"their":[34,48,54],"inability":[35],"to":[36,50],"speak,":[37],"write":[38],"efficiently":[40],"operate":[41],"even":[42],"simple":[43],"communication":[44],"devices":[45],"severely":[46],"impairs":[47],"ability":[49],"develop":[51],"exercise":[53],"mental":[55],"capacities.":[56],"This":[57],"latter":[58],"problem":[59,64],"is":[60,71],"basically":[61],"an":[62],"output":[63],"in":[65],"which":[66,105],"a":[67,74,110,113,118,127],"normally":[68],"functioning":[69],"intellect":[70],"trapped":[72],"within":[73],"body":[75],"having":[76],"no":[77],"effective":[78,115],"means":[79,128],"communicating":[81],"interacting":[83],"with":[84,88],"the":[85,95],"environment.":[86],"Fortunately":[87],"today's":[89],"technology,":[90],"especially":[91],"micro":[92],"electronics":[93],"computer,":[96],"new":[97],"are":[99],"being":[100],"opened":[101],"for":[102,112],"these":[103],"promise":[106],"not":[108],"only":[109],"chance":[111],"more":[114,119],"education":[116],"meaningful":[120],"mode":[121],"self":[123,130],"expression,":[124],"but":[125],"also":[126],"support":[131],"through":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
