{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032684505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499749","title":"Sorting and the hidden-surface problem","display_name":"Sorting and the hidden-surface problem","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032684505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499749","mag":"2032684505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1499586.1499749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499749","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1499586.1499749","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the June 4-8, 1973, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '73","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1499586.1499749","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041212061","display_name":"Ivan E. Sutherland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154610","display_name":"Sutherland HDL (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/057a4a874","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154610"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivan E. Sutherland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp., Salt Lake City, Utah","Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp., Salt Lake City, Utah","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154610"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113444358","display_name":"Robert F. Sproull","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert F. Sproull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058811193","display_name":"Robert A. Schumacker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154610","display_name":"Sutherland HDL (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/057a4a874","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154610"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Schumacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp., Salt Lake City, Utah","Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evans & Sutherland Computer Corp., Salt Lake City, Utah","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154610"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041212061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154610"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93040293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"685","last_page":"685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.7670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.7670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.7444000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.7081999778747559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.7854365110397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6939511299133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6488760113716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6359255313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.5252116322517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4168775677680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.39836645126342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32062435150146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.27388137578964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1513431966304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14594680070877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13536804914474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.107169508934021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.7854365110397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6939511299133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6488760113716125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6359255313873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5252116322517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4168775677680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.39836645126342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32062435150146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.27388137578964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1513431966304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14594680070877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13536804914474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.107169508934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1499586.1499749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499749","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1499586.1499749","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the June 4-8, 1973, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '73","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1499586.1499749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1499586.1499749","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1499586.1499749","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the June 4-8, 1973, national computer conference and exposition on - AFIPS '73","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2032684505.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2032684505.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94925569","https://openalex.org/W1489155488","https://openalex.org/W1975470983","https://openalex.org/W1981261371","https://openalex.org/W1991651582","https://openalex.org/W1991700758","https://openalex.org/W2056916787","https://openalex.org/W2065638643","https://openalex.org/W2086969205","https://openalex.org/W2108729336","https://openalex.org/W2143264448","https://openalex.org/W2154841872","https://openalex.org/W2914599714","https://openalex.org/W3209612989","https://openalex.org/W6637576414","https://openalex.org/W6654825881","https://openalex.org/W6665063579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2739612537","https://openalex.org/W2349174696","https://openalex.org/W2360241746","https://openalex.org/W4313041667","https://openalex.org/W2767599893","https://openalex.org/W2381572297","https://openalex.org/W4388070314","https://openalex.org/W2106741186","https://openalex.org/W2368890809","https://openalex.org/W3196817267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ten":[0],"years":[1,58],"ago":[2],"the":[3,42,45,53],"task":[4],"of":[5,26,44,56],"producing":[6,47],"hidden-surface":[7],"pictures":[8,37],"by":[9,30],"computer":[10,31],"seemed":[11],"untractable.":[12],"Courageous":[13],"men":[14],"pressed":[15],"forward":[16],"nonetheless,":[17],"and":[18,41],"today":[19,40],"we":[20],"can":[21],"have":[22],"quite":[23],"beautiful":[24],"renderings":[25],"solid":[27],"objects":[28],"generated":[29],"in":[32],"remarkably":[33],"short":[34],"times.":[35],"The":[36],"being":[38],"produced":[39],"speed":[43],"programs":[46],"them":[48],"are":[49],"beyond":[50],"any":[51],"but":[52],"wildest":[54],"dreams":[55],"ten":[57],"ago.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}