{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086289966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478786.1478868","title":"The physical attributes and testing aspects of the symbol system","display_name":"The physical attributes and testing aspects of the symbol system","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086289966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478786.1478868","mag":"2086289966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1478786.1478868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478786.1478868","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1478786.1478868","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 18-20, 1971, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '71 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1478786.1478868","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035409637","display_name":"B. E. Cowart","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. E. Cowart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation, Palo Alto, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation, Palo Alto, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113996333","display_name":"R. Rice","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Rice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation, Palo Alto, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation, Palo Alto, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112133288","display_name":"Stephen F. Lundstrom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81844223","display_name":"Fairchild Semiconductor (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yca1933","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. F. Lundstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation, Palo Alto, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation, Palo Alto, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035409637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81844223"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2974537,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87914692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"589","last_page":"589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9361000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9361000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13292","display_name":"Embedded Systems and FPGA Applications","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.808804988861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7639551162719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4962385296821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.46252354979515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-architecture","display_name":"Systems architecture","score":0.42430344223976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.41576844453811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3844284117221832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.32718759775161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3209618031978607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.30357086658477783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.808804988861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7639551162719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4962385296821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.46252354979515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.42430344223976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.41576844453811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3844284117221832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.32718759775161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3209618031978607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.30357086658477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1478786.1478868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478786.1478868","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1478786.1478868","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 18-20, 1971, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '71 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1478786.1478868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478786.1478868","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1478786.1478868","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the May 18-20, 1971, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS '71 (Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086289966.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086289966.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970775412","https://openalex.org/W2034501761","https://openalex.org/W2037894211","https://openalex.org/W2050038740","https://openalex.org/W2112704929","https://openalex.org/W2133859691","https://openalex.org/W2147351800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389793738","https://openalex.org/W2376208682","https://openalex.org/W2924107927","https://openalex.org/W2368886944","https://openalex.org/W4390358280","https://openalex.org/W2611966483","https://openalex.org/W4240806619","https://openalex.org/W4254609622","https://openalex.org/W2392641092","https://openalex.org/W4246219814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,58],"major":[1],"goals":[2],"of":[3,24,33,40],"the":[4,21,29,34,41],"SYMBOL":[5,59],"computer":[6,36],"research":[7],"project":[8,60],"have":[9],"been":[10],"to":[11,19,28,70],"provide":[12],"a":[13,25],"more":[14],"effective":[15],"man-machine":[16],"interface":[17],"and":[18,46],"reduce":[20],"total":[22],"cost":[23],"digital":[26],"system":[27],"user.":[30],"development":[32],"multi-processing/multi-programming":[35],"architecture":[37],"with":[38],"much":[39],"executive":[42],"system,":[43],"memory":[44],"management,":[45],"high-level":[47],"language":[48],"implemented":[49],"in":[50,54,73],"hardware":[51],"is":[52],"described":[53],"other":[55],"related":[56],"papers.":[57],"also":[61],"has":[62],"investigated":[63],"low-cost":[64],"construction":[65],"techniques":[66],"suitable":[67],"for":[68],"equipment":[69],"be":[71],"used":[72],"commercial/industrial":[74],"environments.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}