{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981296549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478546","title":"Management problems unique to on-line real-time systems","display_name":"Management problems unique to on-line real-time systems","publication_year":1970,"publication_date":"1970-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981296549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478546","mag":"1981296549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1478462.1478546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478546","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1478462.1478546","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the November 17-19, 1970, fall joint computer conference on - AFIPS '70 (Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1478462.1478546","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042354068","display_name":"T. C. Malia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. C. Malia","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Corporation, Chicago, Illinois"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corporation, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110825633","display_name":"Gary W. Dickson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. W. Dickson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota","University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042354068"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9285,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89310646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"569","last_page":"569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.7990937232971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6722791790962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.5115607380867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.47873780131340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.4406655430793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-systems","display_name":"System of systems","score":0.4197770953178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.34756219387054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.334896981716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3233961760997772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-design","display_name":"Systems design","score":0.3066020607948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17949751019477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1743350327014923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1671062409877777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.7990937232971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6722791790962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5115607380867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.47873780131340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4406655430793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87912763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663737","display_name":"System of systems","level":3,"score":0.4197770953178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.34756219387054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.334896981716156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3233961760997772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.3066020607948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17949751019477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1743350327014923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1671062409877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1478462.1478546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478546","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1478462.1478546","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the November 17-19, 1970, fall joint computer conference on - AFIPS '70 (Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1478462.1478546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478546","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1478462.1478546","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the November 17-19, 1970, fall joint computer conference on - AFIPS '70 (Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981296549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981296549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984314602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294905152","https://openalex.org/W2072763587","https://openalex.org/W2949958531","https://openalex.org/W1533614215","https://openalex.org/W2885989553","https://openalex.org/W4391880278","https://openalex.org/W1572784396","https://openalex.org/W1980228813","https://openalex.org/W2052369467","https://openalex.org/W1542338789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,4,14,17,44,58,62,65,68,96,107,114,122,132],"latter":[2],"1950's,":[3],"SAGE":[5],"air":[6],"defense":[7],"system":[8],"began":[9],"operating":[10],"and":[11,50,64,82,110,113],"thus":[12],"became":[13],"first":[15],"of":[16,60,75,78,106,126],"large":[18,36],"real-time":[19,85,145],"computing":[20],"systems.":[21,86],"Initially":[22],"such":[23,99,117],"systems":[24,100,118],"were":[25],"feasible":[26],"for":[27,32,90],"only":[28],"military":[29],"use":[30],"or":[31],"a":[33],"few":[34],"very":[35],"commercial":[37],"applications.":[38],"Today":[39],"this":[40,91,127],"is":[41,129],"no":[42],"longer":[43],"case.":[45],"Modern":[46],"managers":[47,136],"need":[48],"better":[49,88],"more":[51],"timely":[52],"information":[53],"to":[54,130,139],"keep":[55],"pace":[56],"with":[57,141],"rate":[59],"change,":[61],"complexity":[63],"competition":[66],"within":[67],"business":[69],"environment.":[70,147],"Therefore,":[71],"an":[72,143],"increasing":[73],"number":[74],"organizations":[76],"will,":[77],"necessity,":[79],"be":[80],"designing":[81],"implementing":[83],"on-line,":[84,144],"To":[87],"prepare":[89],"evolution,":[92],"management":[93],"must":[94],"understand":[95],"unique":[97],"problems":[98,134],"will":[101,119,137],"cause;":[102],"both":[103],"in":[104,142],"terms":[105],"initial":[108],"design":[109],"implementation":[111],"phase,":[112],"potential":[115],"effects":[116],"have":[120,138],"on":[121],"organization.":[123],"The":[124],"purpose":[125],"paper":[128],"outline":[131],"particular":[133],"that":[135],"deal":[140],"(OLRT)":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}