{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107794009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1181775.1181790","title":"SYNERGY","display_name":"SYNERGY","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107794009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1181775.1181790","mag":"2107794009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1181775.1181790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1181775.1181790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028750260","display_name":"Bhargav S. Gulavani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bhargav S. Gulavani","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Bombay","IIT-Bombay"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT-Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080555605","display_name":"Thomas A. Henzinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-7724"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Henzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008657833","display_name":"Yamini Kannan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yamini Kannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India","Microsoft Research India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111937381","display_name":"Aditya V. Nori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya V. Nori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India","Microsoft Research India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076139746","display_name":"Sriram K. Rajamani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-7065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sriram K. Rajamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India","Microsoft Research India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028750260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.0051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":251,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99512821,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undecidable-problem","display_name":"Undecidable problem","score":0.8019547462463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7939872741699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.7184342741966248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.7018292546272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.6952719688415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.6642489433288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runtime-verification","display_name":"Runtime verification","score":0.6415173411369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.6110442876815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property-testing","display_name":"Property testing","score":0.5505346655845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5101423859596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5049098134040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.48833319544792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-analysis","display_name":"Program analysis","score":0.46200841665267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.4557357728481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.4469430446624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.424550861120224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4036671817302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decidability","display_name":"Decidability","score":0.16351690888404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14701464772224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.11242550611495972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192034797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502995","display_name":"Undecidable problem","level":3,"score":0.8019547462463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7939872741699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.7184342741966248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7018292546272278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6952719688415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.6642489433288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202973057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380130","display_name":"Runtime verification","level":3,"score":0.6415173411369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.6110442876815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123842658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2918980","display_name":"Property testing","level":2,"score":0.5505346655845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5101423859596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5049098134040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.48833319544792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.46200841665267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.4557357728481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.4469430446624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.424550861120224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4036671817302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153269930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430001","display_name":"Decidability","level":2,"score":0.16351690888404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14701464772224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.11242550611495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1181775.1181790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1181775.1181790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120333500","https://openalex.org/W200765967","https://openalex.org/W335711039","https://openalex.org/W1531054827","https://openalex.org/W1540180001","https://openalex.org/W1581520638","https://openalex.org/W1590315663","https://openalex.org/W1605593319","https://openalex.org/W1968898611","https://openalex.org/W1986447758","https://openalex.org/W2021473546","https://openalex.org/W2043100293","https://openalex.org/W2065675749","https://openalex.org/W2066859698","https://openalex.org/W2068361557","https://openalex.org/W2071152819","https://openalex.org/W2082000355","https://openalex.org/W2084974764","https://openalex.org/W2089139117","https://openalex.org/W2096449544","https://openalex.org/W2098698656","https://openalex.org/W2101126217","https://openalex.org/W2107089133","https://openalex.org/W2130805777","https://openalex.org/W2149918819","https://openalex.org/W2151463894","https://openalex.org/W2154689462","https://openalex.org/W2158395308","https://openalex.org/W2162844904","https://openalex.org/W2295349525","https://openalex.org/W2295903414","https://openalex.org/W2340735175","https://openalex.org/W2913459036","https://openalex.org/W4212792638","https://openalex.org/W4237492309","https://openalex.org/W4241226388","https://openalex.org/W4250884204","https://openalex.org/W4253587022","https://openalex.org/W6611484032","https://openalex.org/W6683354071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120230527","https://openalex.org/W2981877881","https://openalex.org/W161255303","https://openalex.org/W4319993326","https://openalex.org/W146419099","https://openalex.org/W2899944714","https://openalex.org/W3140458229","https://openalex.org/W2189249475","https://openalex.org/W2107794009","https://openalex.org/W2101001750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,120],"consider":[1],"the":[2,29,56,71,74,98,136,152],"problem":[3,32],"if":[4],"a":[5,9,62,122,149,158,164],"given":[6],"program":[7,72],"satisfies":[8],"specified":[10],"safety":[11],"property.":[12,57,75],"Interesting":[13],"programs":[14,28],"have":[15],"infinite":[16,23],"state":[17],"spaces,":[18],"with":[19,160],"inputs":[20,49],"ranging":[21],"over":[22],"domains,":[24],"and":[25,43,50,129,144,163],"for":[26,94],"these":[27],"property":[30,39],"checking":[31,40],"is":[33,87],"undecidable.":[34],"Two":[35],"broad":[36],"approaches":[37],"to":[38,47,60,83,90,110],"are":[41,81,103,108,114],"testing":[42,128],"verification.":[44,130],"Testing":[45,76],"tries":[46,59],"find":[48],"executions":[51,69],"which":[52,65,126],"demonstrate":[53],"violations":[54],"of":[55,70,151],"Verification":[58],"construct":[61],"formal":[63],"proof":[64],"shows":[66],"that":[67],"all":[68],"satisfy":[73],"works":[77],"best":[78],"when":[79,106],"errors":[80],"easy":[82,109],"find,":[84,111],"but":[85,112],"it":[86],"often":[88,115],"difficult":[89],"achieve":[91],"sufficient":[92],"coverage":[93],"correct":[95],"programs.":[96],"On":[97],"other":[99],"hand,":[100],"verification":[101],"methods":[102],"most":[104],"successful":[105],"proofs":[107],"they":[113],"inefficient":[116],"at":[117],"discovering":[118],"errors.":[119],"propose":[121],"new":[123],"algorithm,":[124,154],"Synergy,":[125],"combines":[127],"Synergy":[131,153],"unifies":[132],"several":[133],"ideas":[134],"from":[135],"literature,":[137],"including":[138],"counterexample-guided":[139],"model":[140],"checking,":[141],"directed":[142],"testing,":[143],"partition":[145],"refinement.This":[146],"paper":[147],"presents":[148],"description":[150],"its":[155],"theoretical":[156],"properties,":[157],"comparison":[159],"related":[161],"algorithms,":[162],"prototype":[165],"implementation":[166],"called":[167],"Yogi.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}