{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024943946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1028976.1029008","title":"Object-oriented units of measurement","display_name":"Object-oriented units of measurement","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024943946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1028976.1029008","mag":"2024943946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1028976.1029008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1028976.1029008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049116965","display_name":"Eric E. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1229-8794"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078988614","display_name":"David Chase","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Chase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020473667","display_name":"Victor Luchangco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1900-5755"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Luchangco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068365117","display_name":"Jan-Willem Maessen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Willem Maessen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072653508","display_name":"Guy L. Steele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-3811"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy L. Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Burlington, MA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049116965"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97549416,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"384","last_page":"403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5783267617225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5221967101097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphism","display_name":"Morphism","score":0.511298656463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5028302073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abelian-group","display_name":"Abelian group","score":0.4921044707298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4666955769062042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-number","display_name":"Algebraic number","score":0.4360220432281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.42581647634506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.42571550607681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4248822033405304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3515743017196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3344189524650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.31735026836395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.23522984981536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.12731793522834778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5783267617225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5221967101097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137212723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948412","display_name":"Morphism","level":2,"score":0.511298656463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5028302073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136170076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181296","display_name":"Abelian group","level":2,"score":0.4921044707298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4666955769062042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.4360220432281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.42581647634506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.42571550607681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4248822033405304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3515743017196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3344189524650574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.31735026836395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.23522984981536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.12731793522834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1028976.1029008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1028976.1029008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.189.1043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.189.1043","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://pag.csail.mit.edu/reading-group/allen04measurement.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197380846","https://openalex.org/W1523197392","https://openalex.org/W1556867379","https://openalex.org/W1587194799","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1983693944","https://openalex.org/W2008514890","https://openalex.org/W2016043411","https://openalex.org/W2018364122","https://openalex.org/W2024453375","https://openalex.org/W2025566524","https://openalex.org/W2030404863","https://openalex.org/W2035709547","https://openalex.org/W2041727455","https://openalex.org/W2049376654","https://openalex.org/W2068457689","https://openalex.org/W2080047201","https://openalex.org/W2115657230","https://openalex.org/W2118349261","https://openalex.org/W2127136283","https://openalex.org/W2131867629","https://openalex.org/W2165046128","https://openalex.org/W2914539896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W26434650","https://openalex.org/W2768503191","https://openalex.org/W1481670130","https://openalex.org/W856865640","https://openalex.org/W2039550936","https://openalex.org/W4251409357","https://openalex.org/W2328639173","https://openalex.org/W2139158010","https://openalex.org/W1625367312","https://openalex.org/W2526213930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programs":[0],"that":[1,147,160],"manipulate":[2],"physical":[3],"quantities":[4,8,42,65],"typically":[5],"represent":[6],"these":[7],"as":[9,24,78,168],"raw":[10],"numbers":[11],"corresponding":[12],"to":[13,73,103,140,163],"the":[14,32,49,59,67,87,144,149],"quantities'":[15],"measurements":[16],"in":[17,44,48,80,156],"particular":[18],"units":[19,46,77,155],"(e.g.,":[20],"a":[21,25,81,157,171],"length":[22],"represented":[23],"number":[26],"of":[27,34,64,66,89,114,122,143,152,170],"meters).":[28],"This":[29],"approach":[30],"eliminates":[31],"possibility":[33],"catching":[35],"errors":[36],"resulting":[37],"from":[38],"adding":[39],"or":[40],"comparing":[41],"expressed":[43],"different":[45],"(as":[47],"Mars":[50],"Climate":[51],"Orbiter":[52],"error":[53],"[11]),":[54],"and":[55,62,76,98,106,130,154],"does":[56],"not":[57],"support":[58],"safe":[60],"comparison":[61],"addition":[63],"same":[68],"dimension.":[69],"We":[70,136],"show":[71,138],"how":[72,139],"formulate":[74],"dimensions":[75,153],"classes":[79],"nominally":[82],"typed":[83,91],"object-oriented":[84],"language":[85],"through":[86],"use":[88],"statically":[90],"metaclasses.":[92],"Our":[93],"formulation":[94],"allows":[95,111,161],"both":[96,104],"parametric":[97],"inheritance":[99],"poly-morphism":[100],"with":[101,127],"respect":[102],"dimension":[105,134],"unit":[107],"types.":[108,135],"It":[109],"also":[110,137],"for":[112],"integration":[113],"encapsulated":[115],"measurement":[116],"systems,":[117],"dynamic":[118],"conversion":[119],"factors,":[120],"declarations":[121],"scales":[123],"(including":[124],"nonlinear":[125],"scales)":[126],"defined":[128],"zeros,":[129],"nonconstant":[131],"exponents":[132],"on":[133],"encapsulate":[141],"most":[142],"\"magic":[145],"machinery\"":[146],"handles":[148],"algebraic":[150],"nature":[151],"single":[158],"meta-class":[159],"us":[162],"treat":[164],"select":[165],"static":[166],"types":[167],"generators":[169],"free":[172],"abelian":[173],"group.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}