{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140472474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/997163.997167","title":"Spinach","display_name":"Spinach","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140472474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/997163.997167","mag":"2140472474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/997163.997167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/997163.997167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087027","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030227337","display_name":"Paul Willmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Willmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX","Rice University (Houston, TX)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University (Houston, TX)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032416610","display_name":"Michael C. Brogioli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Brogioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX","Rice University (Houston, TX)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University (Houston, TX)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110871804","display_name":"Vijay S. Pai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay S. Pai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX","Rice University (Houston, TX)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University (Houston, TX)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9300121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"20","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.061000000685453415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.04170000180602074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-systems","display_name":"embedded systems","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"design space exploration","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gigabit-ethernet","display_name":"Gigabit Ethernet","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/10-gigabit-ethernet","display_name":"10 Gigabit Ethernet","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratchpad-memory","display_name":"scratchpad memory","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medium-access-control","display_name":"medium access control","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-memory-systems","display_name":"heterogeneous memory systems","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776379158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069084","display_name":"Gigabit Ethernet","level":3,"score":0.8041947484016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7924659252166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.7907507419586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.590828537940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103987645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985806","display_name":"Network interface","level":3,"score":0.5796778798103333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79189994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3488021","display_name":"Uniprocessor system","level":3,"score":0.5732384324073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21922175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3105497","display_name":"Gigabit","level":2,"score":0.5339924693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171659815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165233","display_name":"Network interface controller","level":2,"score":0.4259829521179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3868953287601471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4822641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846651","display_name":"Multiprocessing","level":2,"score":0.3388473391532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.31334590911865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/997163.997167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/997163.997167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087027","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88306738","https://openalex.org/W1831797694","https://openalex.org/W1984271460","https://openalex.org/W1997249557","https://openalex.org/W2041406071","https://openalex.org/W2063030320","https://openalex.org/W2075996447","https://openalex.org/W2101893654","https://openalex.org/W2102387714","https://openalex.org/W2104606146","https://openalex.org/W2106864892","https://openalex.org/W2107923684","https://openalex.org/W2112933602","https://openalex.org/W2117184662","https://openalex.org/W2121306322","https://openalex.org/W2127917167","https://openalex.org/W2154182564","https://openalex.org/W2156440845","https://openalex.org/W2164078082","https://openalex.org/W4245232836","https://openalex.org/W4248644755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138456638","https://openalex.org/W1794141609","https://openalex.org/W2124189331","https://openalex.org/W2390621373","https://openalex.org/W2164997728","https://openalex.org/W197492594","https://openalex.org/W1756320466","https://openalex.org/W2064790682","https://openalex.org/W2742167290","https://openalex.org/W2348730397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"Spinach,":[3],"a":[4,109,114,119,125,135,151],"new":[5,187],"simulator":[6],"toolset":[7],"specifically":[8],"designed":[9],"to":[10,24,42,74,145,177,185],"target":[11],"programmable":[12,26,79,160],"network":[13,47,80,112,197],"interface":[14,48,81,123],"architectures.":[15],"Spinach":[16,181],"models":[17],"both":[18],"system":[19],"components":[20,38],"that":[21,39],"are":[22,40],"common":[23],"all":[25],"environments":[27,49],"(e.g.,":[28,50],"ALUs,":[29],"control":[30],"and":[31,37,46,58,70,84,171,194],"data":[32],"paths,":[33],"registers,":[34],"instruction":[35],"processing)":[36],"specific":[41],"the":[43,65,100,147,158,174,190],"embedded":[44,85],"systems":[45],"software-controlled":[51],"scratchpad":[52],"memory,":[53],"hardware":[54,179],"assists":[55],"for":[56],"DMA":[57],"medium":[59],"access":[60],"control).Spinach":[61],"is":[62,105,133,154,182],"built":[63],"on":[64],"Liberty":[66],"Simulation":[67],"Environment":[68],"(LSE)":[69],"exploits":[71],"LSE's":[72],"modularity":[73],"support":[75],"easy":[76],"reconfiguration":[77],"of":[78,138,140,192],"cards":[82],"(NICs)":[83],"systems,":[86],"enabling":[87],"wide":[88],"design":[89],"space":[90],"exploration":[91],"with":[92,124],"little":[93],"or":[94,118],"no":[95],"code":[96,104,143],"variation.":[97],"For":[98],"example,":[99],"same":[101],"underlying":[102],"C":[103],"used":[106,144,184],"whether":[107],"supporting":[108],"uniprocessor":[110],"Gigabit":[111,116,122,193,196],"interface,":[113,117],"multiprocessor":[115,120],"10":[121,195],"highly":[126],"heterogeneous":[127],"memory":[128],"system.":[129],"The":[130],"only":[131],"difference":[132],"in":[134],"small":[136],"number":[137],"lines":[139],"high-level":[141],"scripting":[142],"configure":[146],"various":[148],"modules":[149],"into":[150],"simulation":[152],"model.Spinach":[153],"validated":[155],"by":[156,163,172],"modeling":[157],"Tigon-2":[159],"Ethernet":[161,168],"controller":[162],"Alteon":[164],"Websystems":[165],"running":[166],"actual":[167,178],"processing":[169],"firmware":[170],"comparing":[173],"reported":[175],"results":[176],"benchmarks.":[180],"then":[183],"obtain":[186],"insights":[188],"about":[189],"performance":[191],"interfaces.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-05T09:50:58.205359","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}