{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123586200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800259.808985","title":"Input scaling and output scaling a binary calculator","display_name":"Input scaling and output scaling a binary calculator","publication_year":1952,"publication_date":"1952-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123586200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800259.808985","mag":"2123586200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/800259.808985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800259.808985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) on   - ACM '52","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021102121","display_name":"E. F. Codd","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. F. Codd","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033689051","display_name":"H. L. Herrick","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. L. Herrick","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021102121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24897401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.5810999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.5810999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.5612000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.5049999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculator","display_name":"Calculator","score":0.9763871431350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmer","display_name":"Programmer","score":0.8584119081497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decimal","display_name":"Decimal","score":0.852441668510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.727062463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.7252204418182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.6135386824607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.559542715549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.545749843120575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.41959476470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3808484673500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3760487735271454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35725343227386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20196044445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20033973455429077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31087","display_name":"Calculator","level":2,"score":0.9763871431350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374194","display_name":"Programmer","level":2,"score":0.8584119081497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65045869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81365","display_name":"Decimal","level":2,"score":0.852441668510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.727062463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.7252204418182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.6135386824607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.559542715549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.545749843120575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.41959476470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3808484673500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3760487735271454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35725343227386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20196044445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20033973455429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/800259.808985","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800259.808985","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) on   - ACM '52","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555358865","https://openalex.org/W2516369861","https://openalex.org/W22514374","https://openalex.org/W2583282924","https://openalex.org/W177032641","https://openalex.org/W2502533382","https://openalex.org/W1967012415","https://openalex.org/W2961151343","https://openalex.org/W2468097068","https://openalex.org/W3028928340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Suppose":[0],"1)":[1],"the":[2,22,30,44,47,50,53,70,78],"input":[3],"for":[4],"a":[5,13],"problem":[6],"which":[7,73],"is":[8,16],"to":[9,25,33,36,39,56,66],"be":[10,34,57,67,75],"solved":[11],"on":[12],"binary":[14],"calculator":[15],"given":[17],"in":[18,27],"decimal":[19],"form;":[20],"2)":[21],"programmer":[23],"desires":[24],"specify":[26],"his":[28],"program":[29],"scale":[31,54],"factors":[32,55],"applied":[35,58],"intermediate":[37],"results":[38,42],"keep":[40],"these":[41],"within":[43],"capacity":[45],"of":[46,49,61,69],"registers":[48],"calculator;":[51],"3)":[52],"are":[59],"powers":[60],"two":[62],"(this":[63],"allows":[64],"advantage":[65],"taken":[68],"shifting":[71],"operations":[72],"may":[74],"built":[76],"into":[77],"calculator).":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}