{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077631114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/45059.214411","title":"Performance effects of architectural complexity in the Intel 432","display_name":"Performance effects of architectural complexity in the Intel 432","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077631114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/45059.214411","mag":"2077631114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/45059.214411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/45059.214411","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/45059.214411","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193109227","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems","issn_l":"0734-2071","issn":["0734-2071","1557-7333"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/45059.214411","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040213859","display_name":"Robert P. Colwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6250-7497"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert P. Colwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multiflow Computer, Inc., 175 N. Main St., Branford, CT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiflow Computer, Inc., 175 N. Main St., Branford, CT","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040537321","display_name":"Edward F. Gehringer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-2643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward F. Gehringer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043579006","display_name":"E. Douglas Jensen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Douglas Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kendall Square Research Corp., 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kendall Square Research Corp., 1 Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040213859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.07574704,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9173951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"296","last_page":"339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9079324007034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.5734826922416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5691432356834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garbage-collection","display_name":"Garbage collection","score":0.5595276951789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5278054475784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47187772393226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.45616063475608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcode","display_name":"Microcode","score":0.44756805896759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4455658197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.4145921468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3693970739841461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.35726284980773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2919512391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.28362229466438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garbage","display_name":"Garbage","score":0.22919625043869019}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9079324007034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.5734826922416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5691432356834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105122174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322202","display_name":"Garbage collection","level":3,"score":0.5595276951789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5278054475784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47187772393226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.45616063475608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22174128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175869","display_name":"Microcode","level":2,"score":0.44756805896759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4455658197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.4145921468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3693970739841461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.35726284980773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2919512391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28362229466438293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75403996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5521979","display_name":"Garbage","level":2,"score":0.22919625043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/45059.214411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/45059.214411","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/45059.214411","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193109227","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems","issn_l":"0734-2071","issn":["0734-2071","1557-7333"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/45059.214411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/45059.214411","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/45059.214411","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193109227","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems","issn_l":"0734-2071","issn":["0734-2071","1557-7333"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2077631114.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2077631114.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3252693","https://openalex.org/W65174486","https://openalex.org/W88825672","https://openalex.org/W135559100","https://openalex.org/W191948085","https://openalex.org/W1492409500","https://openalex.org/W1502515215","https://openalex.org/W1510165340","https://openalex.org/W1511470438","https://openalex.org/W1520961854","https://openalex.org/W1526117676","https://openalex.org/W1575433719","https://openalex.org/W1592472943","https://openalex.org/W1770006921","https://openalex.org/W1963979042","https://openalex.org/W1965334658","https://openalex.org/W1981576474","https://openalex.org/W1984803709","https://openalex.org/W1986209913","https://openalex.org/W1986877239","https://openalex.org/W2004340162","https://openalex.org/W2018426736","https://openalex.org/W2022933053","https://openalex.org/W2023327539","https://openalex.org/W2032092944","https://openalex.org/W2038738562","https://openalex.org/W2058198174","https://openalex.org/W2060468294","https://openalex.org/W2066447787","https://openalex.org/W2068490460","https://openalex.org/W2089782950","https://openalex.org/W2097969647","https://openalex.org/W2100530163","https://openalex.org/W2108117906","https://openalex.org/W2127878157","https://openalex.org/W2131325428","https://openalex.org/W2138387375","https://openalex.org/W2148154791","https://openalex.org/W2170335116","https://openalex.org/W2294693415","https://openalex.org/W2805366091","https://openalex.org/W3162579702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023617388","https://openalex.org/W2017161493","https://openalex.org/W4246896219","https://openalex.org/W2364612676","https://openalex.org/W2375248064","https://openalex.org/W2156438153","https://openalex.org/W1781968824","https://openalex.org/W2384845090","https://openalex.org/W2360617933","https://openalex.org/W2087384507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36,123],"Intel":[1,84],"432":[2,128,164],"is":[3,56,104,111],"noteworthy":[4],"as":[5],"an":[6],"architecture":[7,55,63],"incorporating":[8],"a":[9,44,53,61,137],"large":[10],"amount":[11],"of":[12,38,46,74,77,80,108,118,120,140,175,185,189],"functionality":[13,27,81],"that":[14,52,101,126],"most":[15],"other":[16],"systems":[17],"perform":[18],"by":[19],"software.":[20],"It":[21],"has,":[22],"in":[23,155],"effect,":[24],"\u201cmigrated\u201d":[25],"this":[26],"from":[28],"the":[29,32,71,75,83,89,92,96,99,115,127,163,173,182,186],"software":[30,66],"into":[31,82],"microcode":[33],"and":[34,98,147],"hardware.":[35],"benefits":[37],"functional":[39],"migration":[40],"have":[41,130,167],"recently":[42],"been":[43,131,144,153],"subject":[45],"intense":[47],"controversy,":[48],"with":[49,64,159],"critics":[50],"claiming":[51],"complex":[54],"inherently":[57],"less":[58],"efficient":[59],"than":[60],"simple":[62],"good":[65],"support.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"examines":[70],"performance":[72,116],"impact":[73],"incorporation":[76],"several":[78,109],"kinds":[79],"432.":[85],"Among":[86],"these":[87,121,160],"are":[88],"addressing":[90],"structure,":[91],"caches,":[93],"instruction":[94],"alignment,":[95],"buses,":[97],"way":[100],"garbage":[102],"collection":[103],"handled.":[105],"A":[106],"set":[107],"benchmarks":[110],"used":[112,154],"to":[113,170],"quantify":[114],"effect":[117],"each":[119],"decisions.":[122],"results":[124],"indicate":[125],"could":[129],"speeded":[132],"up":[133],"very":[134],"significantly":[135],"if":[136,148],"small":[138],"number":[139],"implementation":[141],"decisions":[142],"had":[143,152],"made":[145],"differently,":[146],"incrementally":[149],"better":[150],"technology":[151],"its":[156,176],"construction.":[157],"Even":[158],"modifications,":[161],"however,":[162],"would":[165],"still":[166],"only":[168],"one-fourth":[169],"one":[171],"times":[172],"speed":[174],"contemporaries.":[177],"These":[178],"figures":[179],"may":[180],"represent":[181],"real":[183],"cost":[184],"432's":[187],"style":[188],"object-based":[190],"programming":[191],"environment.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}