{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390722679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3817600","title":"Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Survey","display_name":"Universal Time-Series Representation Learning: A Survey","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390722679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3817600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3817600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3817600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3817600","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006442645","display_name":"Patara Trirat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-813X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patara Trirat","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-813X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054292873","display_name":"Yooju Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yooju Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-9136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424","https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101545039","display_name":"Jun-Hyeok Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1569-7447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhyeok Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1569-7447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084818136","display_name":"Youngeun Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8333-6488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngeun Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8333-6488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424","https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104285758","display_name":"Jihye Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6279-8914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihye Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6279-8914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424","https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051487868","display_name":"Minyoung Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9267-7138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minyoung Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9267-7138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424","https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057869017","display_name":"Jo\u2010Eun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0218-5304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joeun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2716-3904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424","https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010997600","display_name":"Byunghyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-1292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099236","display_name":"Kootenay Association for Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/011pv9p44","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}],"countries":["CA","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byunghyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5027-5343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424","https://openalex.org/I4210099236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101805827","display_name":"Jae-Gil Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-7732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Gil Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, KAIST"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-7732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, KAIST","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.5398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99494872,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"12","first_page":"1","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.946399986743927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7682168483734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.6449508666992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5781311988830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.545353353023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5035197138786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.4956728219985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4740072190761566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.4392918348312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.418912798166275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.4142942726612091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4027898609638214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.344485878944397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7682168483734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.6449508666992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5781311988830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.545353353023529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5035197138786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.4956728219985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4740072190761566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4392918348312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.418912798166275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4142942726612091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4027898609638214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.344485878944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3817600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3817600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.03717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.03717","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.03717","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.03717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.03717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3817600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3817600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1554861395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-0-00862","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3373663135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-0-00157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199964822","https://openalex.org/W3048601286","https://openalex.org/W3034267371","https://openalex.org/W2965925734","https://openalex.org/W4232132981","https://openalex.org/W4238046985","https://openalex.org/W4205436246","https://openalex.org/W3164948662","https://openalex.org/W3003242282","https://openalex.org/W3153597579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time-series":[0],"data":[1,78],"exists":[2],"in":[3,14,70,95],"every":[4],"corner":[5],"of":[6,42,128],"real-world":[7],"systems":[8],"and":[9,27,45,74,115,119,144,146],"services,":[10],"ranging":[11],"from":[12,31,76],"satellites":[13],"the":[15,39,50,107,126],"sky":[16],"to":[17,106],"wearable":[18],"devices":[19],"on":[20,91],"human":[21],"bodies.":[22],"Learning":[23],"representations":[24],"by":[25],"extracting":[26,71],"inferring":[28],"valuable":[29],"information":[30],"these":[32,123],"time":[33,103],"series":[34],"is":[35],"crucial":[36],"for":[37,102,135],"understanding":[38],"complex":[40],"dynamics":[41],"particular":[43],"phenomena":[44],"enabling":[46],"informed":[47],"decisions.":[48],"With":[49],"learned":[51,129],"representations,":[52],"we":[53,110,138],"can":[54],"perform":[55],"numerous":[56],"downstream":[57],"analyses":[58],"more":[59],"effectively.":[60],"Among":[61],"several":[62,148],"approaches,":[63],"deep":[64],"learning":[65,100],"has":[66],"demonstrated":[67],"remarkable":[68],"performance":[69],"hidden":[72],"patterns":[73],"features":[75],"time-series":[77],"without":[79],"manual":[80],"feature":[81],"engineering.":[82],"This":[83],"survey":[84],"first":[85],"presents":[86],"a":[87,133],"novel":[88],"taxonomy":[89],"based":[90],"three":[92],"fundamental":[93],"elements":[94],"designing":[96],"state-of-the-art":[97],"universal":[98],"representation":[99],"methods":[101,124],"series.":[104],"According":[105],"proposed":[108],"taxonomy,":[109],"comprehensively":[111],"review":[112],"existing":[113],"studies":[114],"discuss":[116,147],"their":[117],"intuitions":[118],"insights":[120],"into":[121],"how":[122],"enhance":[125],"quality":[127],"representations.":[130],"Finally,":[131],"as":[132],"guideline":[134],"future":[136],"studies,":[137],"summarize":[139],"commonly":[140],"used":[141],"experimental":[142],"setups":[143],"datasets":[145],"promising":[149],"research":[150],"directions.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2024-01-13T00:00:00"}