{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160901142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816003","title":"User Risk Perceptions and Protective Actions in FemTech in the UK and Iran","display_name":"User Risk Perceptions and Protective Actions in FemTech in the UK and Iran","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160901142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3816003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183887","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Social Computing","issn_l":"2469-7818","issn":["2469-7818","2469-7826"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Social Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816003","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023973244","display_name":"Maryam Mehrnezhad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-6885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Mehrnezhad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway University of London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-6885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055844978","display_name":"Teresa Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-3379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143597","display_name":"Instituto Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Ci\u00eancias","ror":"https://ror.org/042vq9b25","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143597"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade de Lisboa, ITI/LARSyS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-3379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Lisboa, ITI/LARSyS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029147151","display_name":"Ehsan Toreini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-2957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Toreini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-2957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58075358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.133200004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.133200004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.1298000067472458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.08009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguarding","display_name":"Safeguarding","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.4805000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-journalism","display_name":"Citizen journalism","score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-perception","display_name":"Risk perception","score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-web-interviewing","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-design","display_name":"Participatory design","score":0.36250001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6291999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.4805000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777455480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038171","display_name":"Participatory design","level":3,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83645499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285466","display_name":"Punitive damages","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140988679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140444","display_name":"Participatory action research","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121752807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981388","display_name":"Reproductive health","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3816003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183887","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Social Computing","issn_l":"2469-7818","issn":["2469-7818","2469-7826"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Social Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3816003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3816003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183887","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Social Computing","issn_l":"2469-7818","issn":["2469-7818","2469-7826"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Social Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6653278470039368}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054296508","https://openalex.org/W2133084001","https://openalex.org/W2596192549","https://openalex.org/W2767021209","https://openalex.org/W2892161609","https://openalex.org/W2896921551","https://openalex.org/W2950853187","https://openalex.org/W2965836381","https://openalex.org/W3046097027","https://openalex.org/W3097672738","https://openalex.org/W3124726575","https://openalex.org/W3126632521","https://openalex.org/W3136017538","https://openalex.org/W3162850400","https://openalex.org/W3165655729","https://openalex.org/W4210909585","https://openalex.org/W4280534846","https://openalex.org/W4288995270","https://openalex.org/W4297156675","https://openalex.org/W4320036519","https://openalex.org/W4381033797","https://openalex.org/W4387628527","https://openalex.org/W4388291711","https://openalex.org/W4392921190","https://openalex.org/W4396832604","https://openalex.org/W4396833518","https://openalex.org/W4396833718","https://openalex.org/W4401628548","https://openalex.org/W4402925167","https://openalex.org/W4404576825","https://openalex.org/W4408941390","https://openalex.org/W4409089311","https://openalex.org/W4409767144","https://openalex.org/W4409883786","https://openalex.org/W4415868564"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59],"digitalisation":[1],"of":[2,9,36,62,68,109,115,169],"the":[3,66,110,126,167,185,197,202,219],"reproductive":[4,44],"body":[5],"has":[6],"engaged":[7],"myriads":[8],"cutting-edge":[10],"technologies":[11,26],"to":[12,41,81,105,188,201,209,239,256],"support":[13],"people":[14],"in":[15,123,130,196,214,259],"understanding":[16,108],"and":[17,30,43,54,65,73,99,112,128,132,140,147,150,171,182,231,248,250],"managing":[18],"their":[19],"intimate":[20,37],"health.":[21,45],"Generally":[22],"understood":[23],"as":[24,212],"female":[25],"(FemTech),":[27],"these":[28,116,175,260],"products":[29],"systems":[31],"collect":[32],"a":[33,100,193],"wide":[34],"range":[35,168],"data,":[38],"predominantly":[39],"related":[40],"sexual":[42],"This":[46,222],"sensitive":[47,261],"data":[48,78,215,228],"is":[49],"then":[50],"processed,":[51],"transferred,":[52],"saved,":[53],"shared":[55],"with":[56,174,184],"other":[57],"parties.":[58],"data-hungry":[60],"nature":[61],"this":[63,76,89],"industry":[64],"lack":[67],"proper":[69],"safeguarding":[70],"mechanisms,":[71],"standards,":[72],"regulations":[74,217],"for":[75,144,154],"vulnerable":[77],"can":[79,164,206,235],"lead":[80],"complex":[82],"harms":[83,170],"or":[84],"diminished":[85],"user":[86,107,121,237],"agency.":[87],"In":[88],"article,":[90],"we":[91],"adopted":[92],"mixed":[93],"methods,":[94],"including":[95],"an":[96],"online":[97,120],"survey":[98],"Story":[101],"Completion":[102],"Method":[103],"(SCM),":[104],"explore":[106],"security":[111],"privacy":[113],"(SP)":[114],"technologies.":[117],"We":[118,136,191,242],"conducted":[119],"studies":[122],"two":[124,220],"countries:":[125],"UK":[127,139,149,203],"Iran,":[129],"English":[131],"Farsi":[133],"(Persian),":[134],"respectively.":[135],"recruited":[137],"102":[138],"130":[141],"Iranian":[142,152,198],"participants":[143,153],"our":[145,155],"surveys,":[146],"17":[148],"34":[151],"SCM":[156],"studies.":[157],"Our":[158],"findings":[159],"show":[160],"that":[161],"while":[162],"users":[163,258],"speculate":[165],"on":[166],"risks":[172],"associated":[173],"technologies,":[176],"they":[177],"are":[178,254],"not":[179],"necessarily":[180],"presented":[181],"equipped":[183],"technical":[186],"skills":[187],"protect":[189],"themselves.":[190],"identified":[192],"larger":[194],"gap":[195],"group":[199],"compared":[200],"group,":[204],"which":[205],"be":[207],"attributed":[208],"factors":[210],"such":[211],"differences":[213],"protection":[216,229],"between":[218],"countries.":[221],"comparative":[223],"study":[224],"highlights":[225],"how":[226,244],"disparate":[227],"frameworks":[230],"unique":[232],"cultural":[233],"contexts":[234],"shape":[236],"vulnerability":[238],"FemTech":[240],"risks.":[241],"discuss":[243],"participatory":[245],"threat":[246],"modelling":[247],"Security":[249],"Privacy":[251],"by":[252],"Design":[253],"critical":[255],"protecting":[257],"systems.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-31T06:10:14.724740","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
