{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166733453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808206","title":"Cost-Effective Testing of MPC Compilers","display_name":"Cost-Effective Testing of MPC Compilers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166733453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3808206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808206","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130618324","display_name":"Sebastian Watzinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Watzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5108-6410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087604407","display_name":"Valentin W\u00fcstholz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-1104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142901","display_name":"Vienna Biocenter","ror":"https://ror.org/04khwmr87","country_code":"AT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142901"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentin W\u00fcstholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diligence Security, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-1104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diligence Security, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026719321","display_name":"Deepak Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0888-3093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121786","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02pe2kf23","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["MPI-SWS, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0888-3093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI-SWS, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064181052","display_name":"Maria Christakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-1958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Christakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-1958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75764276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"FSE","first_page":"4529","last_page":"4550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.5128999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.5128999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.13979999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.09830000251531601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.8597000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.4706999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.3328999876976013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.8597000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8101000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6115999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.4706999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128916667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1343660","display_name":"Register allocation","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3808206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3808206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3808206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404663975","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on software engineering.","issn_l":"2994-970X","issn":["2994-970X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G548609350","display_name":"Automated Reasoning","funder_award_id":"DOC 1345324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023035194","https://openalex.org/W3006937969","https://openalex.org/W4385768129","https://openalex.org/W4394804988"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"multi-party":[1],"computation":[2],"(MPC)":[3],"enables":[4],"privacy-preserving":[5],"computations":[6],"using":[7],"secret":[8],"data,":[9],"with":[10],"applications":[11,73],"ranging":[12],"from":[13,115],"health":[14],"care":[15],"and":[16,21,44,106],"finance":[17],"to":[18,29,58,82,144,169,173,204],"machine":[19],"learning":[20],"blockchains.":[22],"MPC":[23,78,128,197,217],"compilers":[24,50,79,147,218],"translate":[25,170],"high-level":[26],"function":[27],"descriptions":[28],"the":[30,35,63,71,155,209,213],"low-level":[31],"representations":[32],"required":[33],"for":[34,41,126,137,182],"actual":[36],"execution,":[37],"making":[38],"them":[39,57],"critical":[40],"both":[42],"usability":[43],"scalability":[45],"of":[46,65,74,158,212],"MPC.":[47],"However,":[48],"these":[49,84],"may":[51],"contain":[52],"logic":[53,193],"bugs":[54,86,194],"that":[55,148],"cause":[56],"quietly":[59],"produce":[60],"wrong":[61],"outputs,":[62],"consequences":[64],"which":[66,176],"could":[67],"be":[68],"catastrophic":[69],"given":[70],"sensitive":[72],"this":[75,111,118,165],"technology.":[76],"Testing":[77],"in":[80,103,215],"order":[81],"find":[83],"severe":[85],"is,":[87],"therefore,":[88],"paramount.":[89],"With":[90],"only":[91,189],"a":[92,123,178],"single":[93],"testing":[94,127,216],"tool":[95],"currently":[96],"available":[97,102],"(which":[98],"is":[99,113,142,201],"not":[100,188],"publicly":[101],"its":[104,138],"entirety":[105],"has":[107],"several":[108],"serious":[109],"limitations),":[110],"issue":[112],"far":[114],"resolved.":[116],"In":[117],"paper,":[119],"we":[120],"present":[121],"BabelFuzz,":[122],"cost-effective":[124],"framework":[125],"compilers.":[129],"By":[130],"introducing":[131],"an":[132],"expressive":[133],"intermediate":[134],"representation":[135],"(IR)":[136],"seed-program":[139],"generation,":[140],"BabelFuzz":[141,187],"able":[143,203],"support":[145],"multiple":[146],"use":[149],"different":[150],"input":[151],"languages,":[152,175],"while":[153],"keeping":[154],"development":[156],"effort":[157],"adding":[159],"new":[160,192],"targets":[161],"low.":[162],"Even":[163],"better,":[164],"approach":[166],"allows":[167],"us":[168],"our":[171],"IR":[172],"mainstream":[174],"provides":[177],"powerful":[179],"differential-testing":[180],"oracle":[181],"highly":[183],"efficient":[184],"bug":[185,208],"detection.":[186],"found":[190],"27":[191],"across":[195],"four":[196],"compilers,":[198],"but":[199],"it":[200],"also":[202],"rediscover":[205],"every":[206],"fixed":[207],"previous":[210],"state":[211],"art":[214],"found.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2026-07-01T00:00:00"}