{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154457350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3807945","title":"Improving Legal Judgment Prediction via Quantitative Reasoning","display_name":"Improving Legal Judgment Prediction via Quantitative Reasoning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154457350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3807945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3807945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3807945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3807945","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhuo Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9064-636X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9064-636X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yi Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-5516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3538-5516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133724742","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4628-620X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4628-620X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103039853","display_name":"Chuanyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-5072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-5072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125679589","display_name":"Zhiwei Fei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3166-8525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034393315","display_name":"\u4e01\u7eea\u661f","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuxing Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4751-8798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075214885","display_name":"Jidong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jidong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-0942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102732054","display_name":"Vincent Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-429X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology Research Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-429X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology Research Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44725462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.6252999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.6252999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7096999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-analysis","display_name":"Quantitative analysis (chemistry)","score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4390999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-reasoning","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-assessment","display_name":"Quantitative assessment","score":0.38339999318122864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7096999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95986675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185168","display_name":"Quantitative analysis (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4505999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4390999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83725634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268699","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984588014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative assessment","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40357","display_name":"Prison","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3807945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3807945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3807945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3807945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41523882","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","issn_l":"1556-4681","issn":["1556-4681","1556-472X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.772394061088562,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G676127483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979482500","https://openalex.org/W2072950331","https://openalex.org/W2164386086","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2757276219","https://openalex.org/W2890026792","https://openalex.org/W2955845608","https://openalex.org/W2962854673","https://openalex.org/W2963199195","https://openalex.org/W2963387630","https://openalex.org/W3034892514","https://openalex.org/W3122334902","https://openalex.org/W3156638011","https://openalex.org/W3156831596","https://openalex.org/W3174986053","https://openalex.org/W3177382889","https://openalex.org/W3209145439","https://openalex.org/W3215639742","https://openalex.org/W4224308101","https://openalex.org/W4281656839","https://openalex.org/W4285247752","https://openalex.org/W4285294723","https://openalex.org/W4285601006","https://openalex.org/W4287065027","https://openalex.org/W4322718191","https://openalex.org/W4385572162","https://openalex.org/W4389524551","https://openalex.org/W4391226125","https://openalex.org/W4394711241"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Legal":[0],"Judgment":[1],"Prediction":[2],"(LJP)":[3],"focuses":[4],"on":[5,10,160],"predicting":[6],"judgment":[7,154],"results":[8,166],"based":[9],"the":[11,65,68,110,134,140,144,161,175],"facts":[12,125],"of":[13,67,143,177],"cases.":[14],"While":[15],"State-of-the-Art":[16],"(SOTA)":[17],"methods":[18,190],"have":[19],"shown":[20],"impressive":[21],"performance":[22],"in":[23,34,56,195],"law":[24],"article":[25],"prediction":[26,111],"and":[27,82,126],"charge":[28],"prediction,":[29],"they":[30,60],"still":[31],"exhibit":[32],"weaknesses":[33],"prison":[35,74],"term":[36,75],"prediction.":[37,76],"One":[38],"major":[39],"reason":[40],"is":[41,71,149],"that":[42,168],"existing":[43,188],"models":[44],"fail":[45],"to":[46,52,85,89,104,119,132,152,187],"mimic":[47],"human":[48],"legal":[49,106,128,178],"quantitative":[50,93,100,129,141,179,184],"reasoning":[51,107,130,185],"understand":[53],"monetary":[54,87,121],"features":[55,88],"case":[57,124],"facts.":[58],"Consequently,":[59],"do":[61],"not":[62],"rigorously":[63],"quantify":[64],"severity":[66],"crime,":[69],"which":[70],"essential":[72],"for":[73],"In":[77],"this":[78],"article,":[79],"we":[80,96],"explore":[81],"explain":[83],"how":[84],"leverage":[86],"improve":[90],"LJP":[91,102],"via":[92],"reasoning.":[94,180],"Specifically,":[95],"propose":[97],"QR-LJP,":[98],"a":[99,116],"reasoning-based":[101],"model,":[103],"integrate":[105],"knowledge":[108],"into":[109],"process.":[112],"QR-LJP":[113],"first":[114],"employs":[115],"curated":[117],"LLM":[118],"extract":[120],"values":[122],"from":[123],"uses":[127],"logic":[131],"determine":[133],"total":[135],"crime":[136],"amount,":[137],"serving":[138],"as":[139],"measure":[142,148],"crime\u2019s":[145],"severity.":[146],"This":[147],"subsequently":[150],"used":[151],"make":[153],"predictions.":[155],"We":[156],"evaluate":[157],"our":[158,169,183],"model":[159,170],"real-world":[162],"dataset":[163],"CAIL-2018.":[164],"Experimental":[165],"demonstrate":[167],"outperforms":[171],"current":[172],"SOTAs,":[173],"highlighting":[174],"effectiveness":[176],"Moreover,":[181],"applying":[182],"strategy":[186],"SOTA":[189],"yields":[191],"significant":[192],"improvements,":[193],"especially":[194],"macro-F1":[196],"scores.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}