{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167931267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805712.3809865","title":"GraphSynthQA: Knowledge-Graph-Guided Query Synthesis and Step-Level Preference Optimization for Web Agents","display_name":"GraphSynthQA: Knowledge-Graph-Guided Query Synthesis and Step-Level Preference Optimization for Web Agents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167931267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805712.3809865"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805712.3809865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805712.3809865","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805712.3809865","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134928333","display_name":"C G Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiwei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0336-6119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100592022","display_name":"Mingxuan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7319-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxuan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0881-3839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085563247","display_name":"Benfeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-1634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benfeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-1634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140387062","display_name":"Shengzhuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-039X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155967","display_name":"OriginWater (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h7gmn81","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Yuanshi Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-039X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Yuanshi Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068339767","display_name":"X. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7840-598X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155967","display_name":"OriginWater (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h7gmn81","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaorui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Yuanshi Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7840-598X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Yuanshi Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023341829","display_name":"Zhendong Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-8126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhendong Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-8126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4409","last_page":"4413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4584999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4584999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.23360000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.1177000030875206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5457000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4945000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.29739999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.838100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5457000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4945000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805712.3809865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805712.3809865","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805712.3809865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805712.3809865","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.48739364743232727,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3190126809","https://openalex.org/W4415795288","https://openalex.org/W7133208539"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Web":[0],"browsing\u2014widely":[1],"used":[2,61],"for":[3],"information":[4],"retrieval":[5],"and":[6,42,67,98,138,183],"fact":[7],"verification\u2014has":[8],"become":[9],"a":[10,81,106,127],"fundamental":[11],"capability":[12],"of":[13,188],"recently":[14],"emerged":[15],"large":[16],"language":[17],"model":[18],"(LLM)":[19],"agents,":[20],"which":[21],"is":[22,65],"often":[23],"elicited":[24],"by":[25,62,158],"training":[26],"on":[27,118,135,179],"complex":[28],"questions":[29],"requiring":[30],"web":[31],"search.":[32],"However,":[33],"this":[34],"task":[35],"faces":[36],"challenges":[37],"with":[38,126],"respect":[39],"to":[40,104],"data":[41],"training:":[43],"existing":[44],"QA":[45],"datasets":[46],"are":[47,147],"mostly":[48],"1-3":[49],"hop":[50],"over":[51],"closed":[52],"corpora":[53],"(e.g.,":[54],"Wikipedia);":[55],"meanwhile,":[56],"outcome-based":[57],"on-policy":[58,169],"RL":[59],"that":[60,154,173],"recent":[63],"works":[64],"inefficient":[66],"brittle":[68],"in":[69,86,114],"long-horizon,":[70],"tool-heavy":[71],"browsing":[72],"environments.":[73],"To":[74],"address":[75],"these":[76],"challenges,":[77],"we":[78,122],"introduce":[79],"GraphSynthQA,":[80],"knowledge-graph":[82],"(KG)\u2014guided":[83],"synthesis":[84],"framework":[85],"an":[87],"open-web":[88],"setting.":[89],"Starting":[90],"from":[91,101],"Wikidata":[92],"seed":[93],"entities,":[94],"GraphSynthQA":[95],"iteratively":[96],"retrieves":[97],"verifies":[99],"evidence":[100],"the":[102,119],"internet":[103],"expand":[105],"KG,":[107],"then":[108],"synthesizes":[109],"complex,":[110],"answer-verifiable":[111],"queries":[112],"grounded":[113],"multi-evidence":[115],"dependencies.":[116],"Building":[117],"synthesized":[120],"data,":[121],"train":[123],"web-browsing":[124,181],"agents":[125],"compute-efficient":[128],"two-stage":[129],"recipe:":[130],"(i)":[131],"cold-start":[132],"supervised":[133],"fine-tuning":[134],"ReAct-style":[136],"trajectories,":[137],"(ii)":[139],"step-level":[140],"Direct":[141],"Preference":[142],"Optimization":[143],"(DPO),":[144],"where":[145],"preferences":[146],"constructed":[148],"offline":[149],"via":[150],"single-step":[151],"branched":[152],"rollouts":[153],"contrast":[155],"candidate":[156],"actions":[157],"their":[159],"downstream":[160],"success":[161],"rates,":[162],"providing":[163],"dense":[164],"process":[165],"supervision":[166],"without":[167],"expensive":[168],"exploration.":[170],"Experiments":[171],"show":[172],"our":[174],"approach":[175],"consistently":[176],"improves":[177],"performance":[178],"challenging":[180],"benchmarks":[182],"remains":[184],"competitive":[185],"among":[186],"models":[187],"similar":[189],"size.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-07-11T00:00:00"}