{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165659776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812384","title":"Opting In? Information About AI Training Affects Human Behavior","display_name":"Opting In? Information About AI Training Affects Human Behavior","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165659776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812384"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812384","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017951055","display_name":"Lauren S. Treiman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren S. Treiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computational &amp; Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9082-8108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computational &amp; Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101621594","display_name":"Chien-Ju Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-7702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Ju Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, and Division of Computational &amp; Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-7702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, and Division of Computational &amp; Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091709254","display_name":"Wouter Kool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wouter Kool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, and Division of Computational &amp; Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological &amp; Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, and Division of Computational &amp; Data Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549","https://openalex.org/I208333798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76523477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5778","last_page":"5803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.121799997985363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.121799997985363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.10339999943971634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.04899999871850014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.24580000340938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.22699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5486999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.24580000340938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.22699999809265137}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1981726210","https://openalex.org/W1988988624","https://openalex.org/W1999312438","https://openalex.org/W2028770149","https://openalex.org/W2045744884","https://openalex.org/W2074711413","https://openalex.org/W2091415361","https://openalex.org/W2092813663","https://openalex.org/W2107544549","https://openalex.org/W2143594200","https://openalex.org/W2156797205","https://openalex.org/W2165587830","https://openalex.org/W2315360633","https://openalex.org/W2529251251","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2588822410","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2774486220","https://openalex.org/W2795580035","https://openalex.org/W2799613460","https://openalex.org/W2801696663","https://openalex.org/W2807417089","https://openalex.org/W2904715593","https://openalex.org/W2913525780","https://openalex.org/W3000190958","https://openalex.org/W3013931681","https://openalex.org/W3091215113","https://openalex.org/W3173256172","https://openalex.org/W3177409394","https://openalex.org/W3192495122","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W3214680719","https://openalex.org/W4220699706","https://openalex.org/W4225161578","https://openalex.org/W4226476908","https://openalex.org/W4288086187","https://openalex.org/W4307968550","https://openalex.org/W4387584778","https://openalex.org/W4391402561","https://openalex.org/W4401358625","https://openalex.org/W4406141664"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"people":[1,67],"shop":[2],"online":[3],"or":[4,143],"interact":[5],"with":[6,145,290],"chatbots,":[7],"their":[8,149,203],"behavior":[9,47],"generates":[10],"training":[11,32,73,87,95,121,133,191,282,284],"data":[12,134,150,204,285,303,327],"for":[13,37,208,340],"artificial":[14],"intelligence":[15],"(AI).":[16],"To":[17,154],"regulate":[18],"the":[19,50,59,160,196,222,252,291,326,333],"use":[20],"of":[21,140,235,254,294],"such":[22,41,120],"data,":[23],"privacy":[24],"regulations":[25],"increasingly":[26],"require":[27],"organizations":[28],"to":[29,71,165,198,220,232,262,320,329,335],"disclose":[30],"AI":[31,72,94,113,141,174,190,207,236,281],"and":[33,48,192,258,271,307,338],"obtain":[34],"explicit":[35],"consent":[36,60,70],"this":[38],"use.":[39],"However,":[40],"disclosures":[42,266],"may":[43,74,98,105,323],"themselves":[44],"alter":[45],"user":[46],"affect":[49],"collected":[51],"data.":[52,88],"In":[53,180,246],"particular,":[54],"three":[55],"distinct":[56],"mechanisms":[57],"within":[58],"process":[61],"could":[62,187],"drive":[63],"these":[64,156,341],"changes.":[65,101,273],"First,":[66],"who":[68,79,225,240],"voluntarily":[69],"differ":[75],"systematically":[76,311],"from":[77,136],"those":[78,233,239],"do":[80],"not,":[81],"potentially":[82],"introducing":[83],"selection":[84],"bias":[85],"into":[86,189,215],"Second,":[89],"simply":[90],"being":[91],"aware":[92],"that":[93,119,277,316],"is":[96,122,298],"occurring":[97],"trigger":[99],"behavioral":[100,103,130,272,342],"Third,":[102],"changes":[104,131],"depend":[106],"on":[107],"users":[108,279,288,309,322],"actively":[109],"reading":[110,229,269],"details":[111],"about":[112,147,173,201,280],"training,":[114,142,175,216,237],"rather":[115],"than":[116],"merely":[117],"knowing":[118],"occurring.":[123],"Across":[124],"two":[125],"experiments,":[126],"we":[127,183,249],"examined":[128],"whether":[129,164,185,193,251],"in":[132,227,304],"arise":[135],"consent,":[137],"mere":[138],"awareness":[139],"engagement":[144,257],"information":[146,200,255],"how":[148,202,295],"would":[151,205],"be":[152],"used.":[153],"test":[155],"hypotheses,":[157],"participants":[158,170,186,213],"played":[159],"ultimatum":[161],"game,":[162],"deciding":[163],"accept":[166],"monetary":[167],"proposals.":[168],"Some":[169],"were":[171,178],"informed":[172,306],"while":[176,238],"others":[177],"not.":[179],"Experiment":[181,247],"1,":[182],"manipulated":[184],"opt":[188],"they":[194],"had":[195],"option":[197],"read":[199,221,241],"train":[206,330],"future":[209],"participants.":[210],"Although":[211],"most":[212,217],"opted":[214,226],"chose":[218],"not":[219],"information.":[223],"Participants":[224],"without":[228],"behaved":[230],"similarly":[231],"unaware":[234],"rejected":[242],"more":[243],"unfair":[244],"offers.":[245],"2,":[248],"tested":[250],"amount":[253],"affected":[256],"found":[259],"that,":[260],"compared":[261],"brief":[263],"disclosures,":[264],"detailed":[265],"produced":[267],"similar":[268],"times":[270],"These":[274],"findings":[275],"show":[276],"informing":[278],"alters":[283],"only":[286],"when":[287],"engage":[289],"information,":[292],"regardless":[293],"much":[296],"detail":[297],"provided.":[299],"This":[300,313],"creates":[301],"heterogeneous":[302],"which":[305],"uninformed":[308],"behave":[310],"differently.":[312],"work":[314],"highlights":[315],"disclosure":[317],"practices":[318],"intended":[319],"protect":[321],"directly":[324],"shape":[325],"used":[328],"AI,":[331],"underscoring":[332],"need":[334],"carefully":[336],"document":[337],"account":[339],"shifts.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-06-24T00:00:00"}
