{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165611809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812230","title":"BengaliMoralBench: A Benchmark for Auditing Moral Reasoning in Large Language Models within Bengali Language and Culture","display_name":"BengaliMoralBench: A Benchmark for Auditing Moral Reasoning in Large Language Models within Bengali Language and Culture","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165611809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812230"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812230","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036440250","display_name":"Dong\u2010Kyu Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-6391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Kyu Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-6391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139198436","display_name":"Shahriyar Zaman Ridoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4277-7536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahriyar Zaman Ridoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4277-7536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017188403","display_name":"Azmine Toushik Wasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-5804"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azmine Toushik Wasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Intelligence and Operations Laboratory, Cumilla, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9509-5804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Intelligence and Operations Laboratory, Cumilla, Bangladesh","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128683105","display_name":"Koushik Ahamed Tonmoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koushik Ahamed Tonmoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9314-2263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029751254","display_name":"Taki Hasan Rafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-9314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taki Hasan Rafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-9314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71906586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8051","last_page":"8088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.19939999282360077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.19939999282360077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.11089999973773956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.05700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bengali","display_name":"Bengali","score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-reasoning","display_name":"Moral reasoning","score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diversity","display_name":"Cultural diversity","score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociocultural-evolution","display_name":"Sociocultural evolution","score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generativity","display_name":"Generativity","score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-justice","display_name":"Economic Justice","score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folk-psychology","display_name":"Folk psychology","score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.3359000086784363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4553000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9158031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909140","display_name":"Moral reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196187386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050187","display_name":"Sociocultural evolution","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162130032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532637","display_name":"Generativity","level":2,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128482177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429140","display_name":"Folk psychology","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170334801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171755","display_name":"Proxemics","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166007726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4536542","display_name":"Language assessment","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11693617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181839","display_name":"Pragmatics","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778560987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378247","display_name":"Cultural psychology","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198626708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321845","display_name":"Normative ethics","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780790391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149626","display_name":"Written language","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.03180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03180","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.03180","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812230","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.581717312335968,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135514117","https://openalex.org/W3201174429","https://openalex.org/W4224994962","https://openalex.org/W4285210452","https://openalex.org/W4386566992","https://openalex.org/W4396832273","https://openalex.org/W4404331244","https://openalex.org/W4404782390","https://openalex.org/W4409746764","https://openalex.org/W4410357609","https://openalex.org/W4410636367","https://openalex.org/W4411119610","https://openalex.org/W4411119757","https://openalex.org/W4411120467","https://openalex.org/W4411550451","https://openalex.org/W4412073521","https://openalex.org/W4412073924","https://openalex.org/W4412887900","https://openalex.org/W4412888118","https://openalex.org/W4412889533","https://openalex.org/W4414827515","https://openalex.org/W4416036287","https://openalex.org/W4416036336","https://openalex.org/W4416037082","https://openalex.org/W7092180618","https://openalex.org/W7138047150","https://openalex.org/W7155518686"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"multilingual":[1,159],"Large":[2],"Language":[3],"Models":[4],"(LLMs)":[5],"gain":[6],"traction":[7],"across":[8,133,168],"South":[9],"Asia,":[10],"their":[11],"alignment":[12],"with":[13],"local":[14],"ethical":[15,113],"norms,":[16],"particularly":[17],"for":[18,53,68,202,210],"Bengali,":[19],"spoken":[20,32],"by":[21,45],"over":[22],"285":[23],"million":[24],"people":[25],"worldwide":[26],"and":[27,43,71,90,119,136,142,146,152,156,170,172,184,198,213],"among":[28],"the":[29,200,217],"most":[30],"widely":[31],"languages":[33],"globally,":[34],"remains":[35],"underexplored.":[36],"Existing":[37],"ethics":[38,65],"benchmarks":[39],"are":[40],"predominantly":[41],"English-centric":[42],"shaped":[44],"Western":[46],"moral":[47,78,185],"frameworks,":[48],"overlooking":[49],"cultural":[50,180],"nuances":[51],"vital":[52],"real-world":[54],"deployment.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"this":[58],"gap,":[59],"we":[60],"introduce":[61],"BengaliMoralBench,":[62],"a":[63,124,129,157,208],"large-scale":[64],"benchmark":[66,75],"designed":[67],"Bengali":[69],"language":[70,220],"sociocultural":[72],"contexts.":[73],"Our":[74],"spans":[76],"five":[77],"domains:":[79],"(1)":[80],"Daily":[81],"Activities,":[82,93],"(2)":[83],"Habits,":[84],"(3)":[85],"Parenting,":[86],"(4)":[87],"Family":[88],"Relationships,":[89],"(5)":[91],"Religious":[92],"each":[94],"subdivided":[95],"into":[96],"ten":[97],"culturally":[98,203,223],"grounded":[99,204],"categories,":[100],"totaling":[101],"50":[102],"subtopics.":[103],"Each":[104],"scenario":[105],"is":[106,231],"annotated":[107],"through":[108],"native-speaker":[109],"consensus":[110],"under":[111,128],"three":[112],"lenses:":[114],"virtue":[115],"ethics,":[116,118],"commonsense":[117,182],"justice":[120],"ethics.":[121],"We":[122],"conduct":[123],"systematic":[125],"zero-shot":[126],"evaluation":[127],"unified":[130],"prompting":[131],"protocol":[132],"both":[134],"open-weight":[135],"closed-source":[137],"models,":[138,148],"including":[139],"recent":[140],"Llama":[141],"Gemma":[143],"variants,":[144],"Qwen":[145],"DeepSeek":[147],"frontier":[149],"models":[150],"(GPT-4o-mini":[151],"Gemini":[153],"1.5":[154],"Pro),":[155],"large":[158],"baseline":[160],"(Qwen3-Next-80B).":[161],"Results":[162],"show":[163],"substantial":[164],"variation":[165],"in":[166,179,195,222],"performance":[167],"lenses":[169],"domains,":[171],"our":[173],"qualitative":[174],"analysis":[175],"reveals":[176],"persistent":[177],"weaknesses":[178],"grounding,":[181],"reasoning,":[183],"fairness.":[186],"These":[187],"findings":[188],"expose":[189],"critical":[190],"limitations":[191],"of":[192,219],"current":[193],"LLMs":[194],"non-Western":[196],"settings":[197],"underscore":[199],"need":[201],"evaluation.":[205],"BengaliMoralBench":[206,230],"provides":[207],"foundation":[209],"responsible":[211],"localization":[212],"benchmarking":[214],"to":[215],"support":[216],"deployment":[218],"technologies":[221],"diverse,":[224],"low-resource":[225],"markets":[226],"such":[227],"as":[228],"Bangladesh.":[229],"available":[232],"at:":[233],"https://huggingface.co/datasets/ciol-research/BengaliMoralBench.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-06-24T00:00:00"}