{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166535445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812224","title":"The Doctor Will (Still) See You Now: On the Structural Limits of Agentic AI in Healthcare","display_name":"The Doctor Will (Still) See You Now: On the Structural Limits of Agentic AI in Healthcare","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166535445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812224"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812224","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126734653","display_name":"Gabriela Ar\u00e1nguiz Dias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Ar\u00e1nguiz Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2863-1486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081841950","display_name":"Kiana Jafari Meimandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-3488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiana Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-3488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085013059","display_name":"Allie Griffith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allie Griffith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9371-201X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126723305","display_name":"Carolina Ar\u00e1nguiz Dias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolina Ar\u00e1nguiz Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1313-2844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104581933","display_name":"H. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1493-2098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grace Ra Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0421-7407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119977829","display_name":"Lana Saadeddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166088655","display_name":"Montclair State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nxc2t48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166088655"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lana Saadeddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4044-3398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166088655"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068326377","display_name":"Mykel J. Kochenderfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-9663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mykel J. Kochenderfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-9663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004","https://openalex.org/I1743320"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7916","last_page":"7935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.2071000039577484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.2071000039577484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.07419999688863754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.03720000013709068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-care","display_name":"Patient care","score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.27469998598098755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3873000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805689.3812224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3812224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575082900","https://openalex.org/W2155816820","https://openalex.org/W2338991735","https://openalex.org/W2483765181","https://openalex.org/W2590276480","https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W2941766203","https://openalex.org/W2969881216","https://openalex.org/W2989512989","https://openalex.org/W3014924729","https://openalex.org/W3042276730","https://openalex.org/W3118650257","https://openalex.org/W3162922479","https://openalex.org/W4210907741","https://openalex.org/W4366591012","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4389156617","https://openalex.org/W4389732527","https://openalex.org/W4405895675","https://openalex.org/W4405995927","https://openalex.org/W4408829784","https://openalex.org/W4408884780","https://openalex.org/W4410495984","https://openalex.org/W4411178516","https://openalex.org/W4413050247","https://openalex.org/W4413257288","https://openalex.org/W4413305862","https://openalex.org/W4413418178","https://openalex.org/W4413801638","https://openalex.org/W6891853064","https://openalex.org/W7124888346","https://openalex.org/W7128600296"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Across":[0],"healthcare,":[1],"agentic":[2,116],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"systems":[6,58],"are":[7],"increasingly":[8],"promoted":[9],"as":[10,119],"capable":[11],"of":[12,90,122,143],"autonomous":[13,34],"action,":[14],"yet":[15],"in":[16,38,47],"practice":[17],"they":[18],"currently":[19],"operate":[20],"under":[21],"near-total":[22],"human":[23],"oversight":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26],"safety,":[27],"regulatory,":[28],"and":[29,53,75,101,130,140],"liability":[30],"constraints":[31,132],"that":[32,106,115],"make":[33],"clinical":[35,131],"reasoning":[36],"infeasible":[37],"high-stakes":[39],"environments.":[40],"While":[41],"market":[42],"enthusiasm":[43],"suggests":[44],"a":[45,63,120],"revolution":[46],"healthcare":[48],"agents,":[49],"the":[50,88,141],"conceptual":[51,85],"assumptions":[52],"accountability":[54],"structures":[55],"shaping":[56],"these":[57],"remain":[59],"underexamined.":[60],"We":[61,113],"present":[62],"qualitative":[64],"study":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67],"interviews":[68],"with":[69],"20":[70],"stakeholders,":[71],"including":[72],"developers,":[73],"implementers,":[74],"end":[76],"users.":[77],"Our":[78],"analysis":[79],"identifies":[80],"three":[81],"mutually":[82],"reinforcing":[83],"tensions:":[84],"fragmentation":[86],"regarding":[87],"definition":[89],"\u2018agentic\u2019;":[91],"an":[92,102],"autonomy":[93],"contradiction":[94],"where":[95,125],"commercial":[96,128],"promises":[97],"exceed":[98],"operational":[99],"reality;":[100],"evaluation":[103],"blind":[104],"spot":[105],"prioritizes":[107],"technical":[108,126],"benchmarks":[109],"over":[110],"sociotechnical":[111],"safety.":[112],"argue":[114],"AI":[117],"functions":[118],"site":[121],"contested":[123],"meaning-making":[124],"aspirations,":[127],"incentives,":[129],"intersect,":[133],"carrying":[134],"material":[135],"consequences":[136],"for":[137],"patient":[138],"safety":[139],"distribution":[142],"blame.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-06-30T00:00:00"}
