{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164854983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805622.3810804","title":"Improving Pseudo-Labeling and Representation Balance in Realistic Long-Tailed Semi-Supervised Learning","display_name":"Improving Pseudo-Labeling and Representation Balance in Realistic Long-Tailed Semi-Supervised Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164854983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805622.3810804"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805622.3810804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805622.3810804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805622.3810804","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059793510","display_name":"Zhengyu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-7821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8495-1055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034395042","display_name":"Qifeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-6943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qifeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-6943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95052915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"535","last_page":"543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.5126000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.5126000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.1467999964952469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.11110000312328339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6836000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-boundary","display_name":"Decision boundary","score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4242999851703644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.7605999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6836000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6528000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5819000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5016000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42023084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249231","display_name":"Decision boundary","level":3,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805622.3810804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805622.3810804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3805622.3810804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3805622.3810804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2026 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6015335321426392,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2767106145","https://openalex.org/W2962829130","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2999289173","https://openalex.org/W3091002423","https://openalex.org/W3104121806","https://openalex.org/W3157699413","https://openalex.org/W3167251133","https://openalex.org/W3179590268","https://openalex.org/W4214718285","https://openalex.org/W4312256146","https://openalex.org/W4312373370","https://openalex.org/W4312702685","https://openalex.org/W4386057767","https://openalex.org/W4391406995","https://openalex.org/W4392122189","https://openalex.org/W4393156885","https://openalex.org/W4406857457"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,25,78,121],"remarkable":[2],"progress":[3],"of":[4,27,77,167],"semi-supervised":[5,62,106,162,197],"learning":[6,63,151,198],"(SSL),":[7],"its":[8],"effectiveness":[9],"under":[10,130,194],"realistic":[11,60,104,195],"long-tailed":[12,61,105,196],"settings":[13],"remains":[14],"limited.":[15],"In":[16],"such":[17],"settings,":[18],"labeled":[19],"data":[20,29,123],"is":[21,30,109],"severely":[22],"imbalanced,":[23],"while":[24,81,133,170],"distribution":[26,49,124,131],"unlabeled":[28,122],"unknown":[31],"and":[32,48,100,144,185],"often":[33],"mismatched.":[34],"Under":[35],"these":[36,89],"conditions,":[37],"class":[38],"imbalance":[39,67],"inherently":[40],"leads":[41],"to":[42,120,125,157],"biased":[43],"decision":[44],"boundaries":[45],"during":[46,161],"training,":[47],"mismatch":[50],"causes":[51],"unreliable":[52],"pseudo-labels":[53,129],"that":[54,188],"further":[55],"exacerbate":[56],"this":[57],"bias.":[58],"Moreover,":[59],"suffers":[64],"from":[65],"representation":[66,101,178],"in":[68,103],"feature":[69,79,159],"learning,":[70,163],"where":[71],"dominant":[72],"classes":[73,83,169],"occupy":[74],"large":[75],"regions":[76],"space":[80],"minority":[82],"become":[84],"overly":[85],"compact.":[86],"To":[87],"address":[88],"challenges,":[90],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"PRB-SSL,":[93],"a":[94,112,116,134,153],"method":[95],"for":[96,173],"improving":[97],"pseudo-label":[98],"reliability":[99],"balance":[102],"learning.":[107],"PRB-SSL":[108,149,189],"built":[110],"upon":[111],"dual-branch":[113],"framework.":[114],"Specifically,":[115],"Biased":[117],"Predictor":[118,136],"adapts":[119],"generate":[126],"more":[127],"reliable":[128],"mismatch,":[132],"Balanced":[135],"with":[137],"decision-level":[138],"rebalancing":[139],"mitigates":[140],"class-imbalance-induced":[141],"boundary":[142],"bias":[143],"enables":[145],"balanced":[146],"inference.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"introduces":[150],"status,":[152],"dynamic":[154],"class-level":[155],"measure,":[156],"regulate":[158],"diffusion":[160],"suppressing":[164],"excessive":[165],"expansion":[166],"well-learned":[168],"preserving":[171],"exploration":[172],"under-learned":[174],"ones,":[175],"thereby":[176],"alleviating":[177],"imbalance.":[179],"Extensive":[180],"experiments":[181],"on":[182],"CIFAR-10-LT,":[183],"CIFAR-100-LT,":[184],"STL-10-LT":[186],"demonstrate":[187],"consistently":[190],"outperforms":[191],"state-of-the-art":[192],"methods":[193],"settings.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:37:23.134862","created_date":"2026-06-16T00:00:00"}
