{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162406338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801489.3806870","title":"The Price of Interoperability: Exploring Cross-Chain Bridges and Their Economic Consequences","display_name":"The Price of Interoperability: Exploring Cross-Chain Bridges and Their Economic Consequences","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162406338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801489.3806870"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801489.3806870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801489.3806870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Abstracts of the 2026 ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801489.3806870","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038044319","display_name":"Yiyue Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1478-3842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133052168","display_name":"Mingzhe Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhe Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8717-7766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137049770","display_name":"Lin William Cong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-2367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin William Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-2367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101968524","display_name":"Siguang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-7257"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siguang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-7257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137029743","display_name":"Xuechao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-2699"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuechao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6918-2699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"198","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.8949000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.8949000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.02449999935925007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8317000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upstream","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-integration","display_name":"Vertical integration","score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.3310000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8317000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181169782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571520","display_name":"Vertical integration","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840247","display_name":"Hypergraph","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119693030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2180497","display_name":"Economic model","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801489.3806870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801489.3806870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Abstracts of the 2026 ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801489.3806870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801489.3806870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Abstracts of the 2026 ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6611840128898621,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202887189","https://openalex.org/W4402595086","https://openalex.org/W4405364709"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cross-chain":[0],"bridges":[1],"have":[2],"become":[3],"the":[4,47,63,77,93,197],"primary":[5],"infrastructure":[6,69],"mediating":[7],"asset":[8,148],"and":[9,19,36,55,74,117,190,201],"liquidity":[10],"mobility":[11],"across":[12,183],"heterogeneous":[13],"blockchain":[14],"networks,":[15],"yet":[16,168],"their":[17],"system-level":[18,191],"economic":[20,170,189],"consequences":[21],"remain":[22],"poorly":[23],"understood.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"presents":[27],"a":[28,51,98,103,129,137,160,176],"large-scale":[29],"empirical":[30],"measurement":[31],"study":[32],"covering":[33],"20":[34],"blockchains":[35],"16":[37],"major":[38],"bridge":[39,68,184],"protocols":[40],"from":[41,97],"2022":[42],"to":[43,187],"2025.":[44],"We":[45],"model":[46],"multi-chain":[48],"ecosystem":[49,143],"as":[50,123,159],"time-varying":[52],"weighted":[53],"hypergraph":[54],"decompose":[56],"interoperability":[57,121,141,157],"into":[58,102,175],"two":[59],"dimensions:":[60],"structural":[61,120,156],"interoperability,":[62,76],"connectivity":[64],"implied":[65],"by":[66,84,108],"deployed":[67],"independent":[70,173],"of":[71,80,132,199],"user":[72],"behavior,":[73],"active":[75],"realized":[78],"intensity":[79],"cross-chain":[81,94,112,203],"transfers":[82],"normalized":[83],"chain":[85],"size.":[86],"Our":[87],"analysis":[88],"yields":[89],"five":[90],"findings.":[91],"First,":[92],"network":[95],"evolves":[96],"sparse":[99],"hub-and-spoke":[100],"topology":[101],"dense,":[104],"multi-hub":[105],"core":[106],"dominated":[107],"EVM-compatible":[109],"chains.":[110],"Second,":[111],"capital":[113],"flows":[114],"are":[115],"return-chasing":[116],"cost-sensitive,":[118],"whereas":[119],"serves":[122],"an":[124,153],"enabling":[125],"factor":[126],"rather":[127],"than":[128],"directional":[130],"driver":[131],"flows.":[133],"Third,":[134],"we":[135,151],"identify":[136],"growth-return":[138],"paradox:":[139],"higher":[140],"expands":[142],"scale":[144],"but":[145],"dilutes":[146],"native":[147],"value.":[149],"Fourth,":[150],"uncover":[152],"efficiency-fragility":[154],"trade-off:":[155],"acts":[158],"load":[161],"balancer":[162],"that":[163],"reduces":[164],"average":[165],"gas":[166],"fees,":[167],"synchronizes":[169],"cycles,":[171],"transforming":[172],"networks":[174],"tightly":[177],"coupled":[178],"system.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"architectural":[181],"heterogeneity":[182],"designs":[185],"leads":[186],"distinct":[188],"outcomes,":[192],"yielding":[193],"direct":[194],"implications":[195],"for":[196],"design":[198],"scalable":[200],"resilient":[202],"infrastructure.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}
