{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166333004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3806069","title":"wdCP: Windowed Incremental Checkpointing for Efficient and Bounded LLM Recovery","display_name":"wdCP: Windowed Incremental Checkpointing for Efficient and Bounded LLM Recovery","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166333004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3806069"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801487.3806069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3806069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3806069","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138740289","display_name":"Wendi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9404-2103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9404-2103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101821150","display_name":"Xiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139473052","display_name":"Xiaonan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-1206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-1206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139500822","display_name":"Xiaoling Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6613-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoling Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6613-3801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006065429","display_name":"Jinjiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-5915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinjiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-5915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064254673","display_name":"Shujie Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-5782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujie Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-5782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9466845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"327","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.04360000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.8327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.7777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.3749000132083893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.8327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7803999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.7777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801487.3806069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3806069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801487.3806069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3806069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4419549223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62502391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392396745","https://openalex.org/W4399757647","https://openalex.org/W4410543986","https://openalex.org/W7116354707"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Checkpointing":[0],"is":[1,27],"essential":[2],"for":[3,29],"fault":[4],"tolerance":[5],"in":[6,123],"large-scale":[7],"LLM":[8],"training,":[9],"yet":[10],"periodic":[11],"full-state":[12],"checkpoints":[13],"bring":[14],"heavy":[15],"I/O":[16],"overhead":[17,116],"and":[18,46,57,61,78,100,126],"training":[19,115],"stalls.":[20],"Prior":[21],"work":[22],"suggests":[23],"that":[24,48,73,109],"differential":[25],"checkpointing":[26],"ineffective":[28],"LLMs,":[30],"since":[31],"most":[32],"parameters":[33],"updates":[34,50],"every":[35],"iteration,":[36],"leading":[37],"to":[38,93,120],"dense":[39],"updates.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"revisit":[43],"this":[44],"assumption":[45],"observe":[47],"parameter":[49,76],"are":[51],"naturally":[52],"generated":[53],"inside":[54],"optimizer":[55],"execution":[56],"exhibit":[58],"significant":[59],"temporal":[60],"layer-wise":[62],"heterogeneity.":[63],"Guided":[64],"by":[65],"this,":[66],"we":[67],"present":[68],"wdCP,":[69],"a":[70,83],"lightweight":[71,90],"runtime":[72],"captures":[74],"optimizer-level":[75],"deltas":[77],"asynchronously":[79],"persists":[80],"them":[81],"using":[82],"windowed":[84],"buffering":[85],"mechanism.":[86],"wdCP":[87,99,110],"further":[88],"introduces":[89,111],"anchor":[91],"snapshots":[92],"bound":[94],"recovery":[95],"cost.":[96],"We":[97],"implement":[98],"evaluate":[101],"it":[102],"on":[103],"several":[104],"representative":[105],"models.":[106],"Results":[107],"show":[108],"less":[112],"than":[113],"5%":[114],"while":[117],"achieving":[118],"up":[119],"69.2\u00d7":[121],"reduction":[122],"checkpoint":[124],"size":[125],"enabling":[127],"fast,":[128],"bounded":[129],"recovery.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-28T06:20:29.262167","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}
