{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166340186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801835","title":"Threads or Vectors? Evaluating SPMD and Vector Accelerators for Resource Constrained RISC-V Architectures","display_name":"Threads or Vectors? Evaluating SPMD and Vector Accelerators for Resource Constrained RISC-V Architectures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166340186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801835"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801487.3801835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801835","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099870928","display_name":"Amirhossein Kiamarzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7092-6227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Kiamarzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7092-6227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139465882","display_name":"Samuele Colmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9726-7718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800920820","display_name":"Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori di Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/0290wsh42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800920820"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuele Colmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chips-IT, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9726-7718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chips-IT, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355","https://openalex.org/I2800920820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017427307","display_name":"Yvan Tortorella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-5731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yvan Tortorella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chips-IT, Bologna, BO, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-5731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chips-IT, Bologna, BO, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052915995","display_name":"Angelo Garofalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7495-6895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Garofalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7495-6895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023905268","display_name":"Davide Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0651-5393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy and Chips-IT, Bologna, BO, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0651-5393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy and Chips-IT, Bologna, BO, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004842257","display_name":"Giuseppe Tagliavini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-4633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Tagliavini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-4633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9564839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"71","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8924999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.8924999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.06920000165700912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spmd","display_name":"SPMD","score":0.7505999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5393000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-time","display_name":"Execution time","score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.37529999017715454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.842199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7042729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2289219","display_name":"SPMD","level":2,"score":0.7505999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.7181000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5393000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989134064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288510","display_name":"Execution time","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201410400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064412","display_name":"Multithreading","level":3,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176553487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7855819","display_name":"Turnaround time","level":2,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150552126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339387","display_name":"SIMD","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4822641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846651","display_name":"Multiprocessing","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161824985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919509","display_name":"Vector processor","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346349","display_name":"Execution model","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801487.3801835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3801487.3801835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3801487.3801835","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5957205295562744,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001984859","https://openalex.org/W2034804129","https://openalex.org/W2094969361","https://openalex.org/W2108157916","https://openalex.org/W2137269967","https://openalex.org/W2155503253","https://openalex.org/W2490345425","https://openalex.org/W2520759911","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2963255460","https://openalex.org/W3013692244","https://openalex.org/W3138798301","https://openalex.org/W3203242999","https://openalex.org/W4286563542","https://openalex.org/W4321366659","https://openalex.org/W4406265948","https://openalex.org/W4414284512","https://openalex.org/W7124249593"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Resource-constrained":[0],"embedded":[1,35],"systems":[2],"must":[3],"efficiently":[4],"execute":[5],"heterogeneous":[6],"workloads":[7,75,126],"spanning":[8],"multiple":[9],"application":[10,176],"domains.":[11],"This":[12],"paper":[13],"presents":[14],"a":[15,28,65,112,191,197],"quantitative":[16],"comparison":[17],"between":[18],"clustered":[19],"SPMD":[20],"multi-core":[21],"execution":[22,26,163],"and":[23,47,69,89,116,151,168],"SIMD":[24],"vector":[25,50,162],"using":[27],"common":[29],"benchmark":[30,52],"suite":[31],"representative":[32],"of":[33,182,208],"several":[34],"scenarios.":[36],"Experiments":[37],"are":[38],"conducted":[39],"on":[40],"two":[41],"open-source":[42],"RISC-V":[43],"architectures\u2014the":[44],"PULP":[45,97,141],"cluster":[46],"the":[48,96,123,140,158,175,209],"Spatz":[49,81],"processor\u2014combining":[51],"results":[53,159],"with":[54,76],"post-layout":[55],"measurements":[56],"from":[57],"GlobalFoundries":[58],"12":[59],"nm":[60],"(GF12)":[61],"implementations":[62],"to":[63,84,100,122,146,174,186],"enable":[64],"fair":[66],"Performance,":[67],"Power,":[68],"Area":[70],"(PPA)":[71],"assessment.":[72],"For":[73],"compute-intensive":[74],"regular":[77,114],"memory":[78,130],"access":[79,118],"patterns,":[80],"achieves":[82],"up":[83,145],"6.86":[85],"\u00d7":[86,91,148,153],"higher":[87,92,102,149,154,180],"performance":[88,150,167],"2.52":[90],"energy":[93,155],"efficiency":[94,169],"than":[95],"cluster,":[98,142],"thanks":[99],"its":[101,179],"operating":[103],"frequency":[104],"(1":[105],"GHz":[106],"vs.":[107],"600":[108],"MHz)":[109],"enabled":[110],"by":[111,128],"more":[113],"microarchitecture":[115],"predictable":[117],"patterns":[119],"well":[120,172],"matched":[121,173],"applications.":[124],"Conversely,":[125],"characterized":[127],"irregular":[129],"accesses,":[131],"complex":[132],"control":[133],"flow,":[134],"reductions,":[135],"or":[136],"loop-carried":[137],"dependencies":[138],"favor":[139],"which":[143],"delivers":[144],"3.54":[147],"5.72":[152],"efficiency.":[156],"Overall,":[157],"show":[160],"that":[161,203],"can":[164],"offer":[165],"substantial":[166],"benefits":[170],"when":[171],"domain.":[177],"However,":[178],"degree":[181],"specialization":[183],"increases":[184],"sensitivity":[185],"workload":[187],"characteristics,":[188],"making":[189],"it":[190],"high-reward":[192],"but":[193],"high-risk":[194],"choice":[195],"as":[196],"standalone":[198],"System":[199],"on-Chip":[200],"(SoC)":[201],"accelerator":[202],"requires":[204],"strong":[205],"priori":[206],"knowledge":[207],"target":[210],"workloads.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-28T06:20:29.262167","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}