{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154084947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799895","title":"Integrating Remote Quantum Random Number Generator as a Shared Resource into GNU/Linux via D-Bus","display_name":"Integrating Remote Quantum Random Number Generator as a Shared Resource into GNU/Linux via D-Bus","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154084947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3799895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799895","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093218174","display_name":"Kri\u0161j\u0101nis Petru\u010de\u0146a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5713-5914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kri\u0161j\u0101nis Petru\u010de\u0146a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5713-5914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076238305","display_name":"Sergejs Kozlovi\u010ds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-383X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergejs Kozlovi\u010ds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7085-383X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034743524","display_name":"El\u012bna Kalni\u0146a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2680-3220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El\u012bna Kalni\u0146a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2680-3220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031098499","display_name":"Edgars Rencis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-4944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgars Rencis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-4944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035792920","display_name":"Juris V\u012bksna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-2978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juris V\u012bksna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-2978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032271647","display_name":"Edgars Celms","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-3792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgars Celms","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9608-3792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064697845","display_name":"Lelde L\u0101ce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-2355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lelde L\u0101ce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-2355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Systems Modeling and Software Technologies, University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53049425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.8950999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.8950999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.8291000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.32440000772476196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.8291000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7487000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3799895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3799895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W412116272","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1985402296","https://openalex.org/W2076745395","https://openalex.org/W2111110899","https://openalex.org/W2784781042","https://openalex.org/W3181673605","https://openalex.org/W4214745194","https://openalex.org/W4285620383","https://openalex.org/W4297033166","https://openalex.org/W4403776963","https://openalex.org/W4404994086","https://openalex.org/W4413988602"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"random":[1,44,125],"number":[2,45],"generation":[3],"capabilities":[4],"of":[5,16,53,69,108,168,174,204,208],"the":[6,32,50,129,152,160,166],"GNU/Linux":[7],"operating":[8],"system":[9],"are":[10],"subject":[11],"to":[12,62,81,83,122,181],"certain":[13],"limitations.":[14],"As":[15],"Linux":[17,175],"version":[18],"5.6,":[19],"/dev/random":[20],"operates":[21],"in":[22,64,170],"a":[23,35,89,94,103,110,149,171,187,214],"non-blocking":[24],"manner":[25],"and,":[26],"as":[27,117,148],"such,":[28],"no":[29,195],"longer":[30],"satisfies":[31],"criteria":[33],"for":[34,93,120,218],"True":[36],"Random":[37],"Number":[38],"Generator":[39],"(TRNG).":[40],"While":[41],"dedicated":[42],"quantum":[43],"generator":[46],"(QRNG)":[47],"hardware":[48,74],"is":[49,57,179],"preferred":[51],"source":[52],"unpredictable":[54],"entropy,":[55,205],"it":[56],"often":[58],"expensive":[59],"and":[60,67,191,206],"difficult":[61],"deploy":[63],"virtualized/cloud":[65],"environments":[66],"Internet":[68],"Things":[70],"(IoT)":[71],"devices.":[72],"Furthermore,":[73],"RNG":[75],"integration":[76,91],"typically":[77],"requires":[78,194],"cryptographic":[79,163],"applications":[80,121,212],"adhere":[82],"vendor-specific":[84],"APIs.":[85],"This":[86],"article":[87],"proposes":[88],"user-space":[90],"approach":[92,178],"shared":[95],",":[96],"potentially":[97],"remote":[98,130],"QRNG":[99,104,131,188],"device.":[100],"We":[101,146],"develop":[102],"service":[105,155],"on":[106],"top":[107],"D-Bus,":[109],"ubiquitous":[111],"inter-process":[112],"communication":[113],"framework.":[114],"It":[115,210],"serves":[116],"an":[118],"interface":[119,216],"retrieve":[123],"true":[124],"numbers.":[126],"Communication":[127],"with":[128,213],"device":[132],"occurs":[133],"over":[134],"mutually":[135],"authenticated":[136],"TLS":[137],"1.3":[138],"channels,":[139],"protected":[140],"by":[141],"post-quantum":[142],"cryptography":[143],"(PQC)":[144],"algorithms.":[145],"show,":[147],"proof-of-concept,":[150],"how":[151],"proposed":[153],"D-Bus":[154],"can":[156],"be":[157],"integrated":[158],"into":[159],"OpenSSL":[161],"3":[162],"library,":[164],"demonstrating":[165],"use":[167,222],"TRNG":[169,215],"wide":[172],"range":[173],"applications.":[176],"Our":[177],"resistant":[180],"entropy":[182],"starvation":[183],"attacks,":[184],"supports":[185,200],"sharing":[186],"across":[189],"host":[190],"virtualized":[192],"environments,":[193],"kernel-level":[196],"or":[197],"system-wide":[198],"modifications,":[199],"mixing":[201],"multiple":[202],"sources":[203],"configuration":[207],"post-processing.":[209],"provides":[211],"suitable":[217],"information-theoretically":[219],"secure":[220],"(ITS)":[221],"cases.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
