{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7132837102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799416","title":"Witness Generation for Classical JSON Schema","display_name":"Witness Generation for Classical JSON Schema","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7132837102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3799416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90119964","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","issn_l":"0362-5915","issn":["0362-5915","1557-4644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799416","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077472783","display_name":"Lyes Attouche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8454-6364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56435720","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine-PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/052bz7812","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyes Attouche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine - PSL"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8454-6364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine - PSL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054178564","display_name":"Mohamed-Amine Baazizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2728-5838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159731","display_name":"LIP6","ror":"https://ror.org/05krcen59","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Amine Baazizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Universite, LIP6"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2728-5838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universite, LIP6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210159731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087371035","display_name":"Dario Colazzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56435720","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine-PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/052bz7812","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Colazzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAMSADE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine - PSL"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-0049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAMSADE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine - PSL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023086477","display_name":"Giorgio Ghelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-6395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Ghelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-6395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026300883","display_name":"Carlo Sartiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-3569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","display_name":"University of Basilicata","ror":"https://ror.org/03tc05689","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Sartiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Basilicata"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-3569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Basilicata","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127553599","display_name":"Stefanii Scherzinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186354981","display_name":"University of Passau","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydjnb78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanii Scherzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Passau"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1960-6171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Passau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22642045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.251800000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.251800000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.20399999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.17190000414848328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/json","display_name":"JSON","score":0.8725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.6083999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star-schema","display_name":"Star schema","score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-schema","display_name":"Conceptual schema","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/witness","display_name":"Witness","score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-structure-description","display_name":"Document Structure Description","score":0.34860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063","display_name":"JSON","level":2,"score":0.8725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.838100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.6083999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190703929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331138","display_name":"Star schema","level":4,"score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5572999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29275276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268965","display_name":"Conceptual schema","level":3,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68699486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265904","display_name":"Document Structure Description","level":3,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150012506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031185","display_name":"Information schema","level":5,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30775581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632285","display_name":"Database schema","level":3,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192328126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4514647","display_name":"Schematic","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2872598","display_name":"Tree automaton","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3799416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90119964","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","issn_l":"0362-5915","issn":["0362-5915","1557-4644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibas.it:11563/216616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11563/216616","pdf_url":"https://iris.unibas.it/bitstream/11563/216616/1/3799416-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196360","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Basilicata)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","host_organization_name":"University of Basilicata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3799416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3799416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90119964","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","issn_l":"0362-5915","issn":["0362-5915","1557-4644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7372170090675354,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3694240758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON-INFRA-2021-DEV-02-01 -","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3963868975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022AEEKXS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6761001837","display_name":"SoBigData RI Preparatory Phase Project","funder_award_id":"101079043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1842051783","https://openalex.org/W2019789808","https://openalex.org/W2067443406","https://openalex.org/W2080267935","https://openalex.org/W2082135413","https://openalex.org/W2109486375","https://openalex.org/W2134781086","https://openalex.org/W2341844252","https://openalex.org/W2574472735","https://openalex.org/W3144353597","https://openalex.org/W3174401400","https://openalex.org/W3179148751","https://openalex.org/W4317641613","https://openalex.org/W4324387363","https://openalex.org/W4390603329"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"JSON":[0,12,38,112],"Schema":[1,39,76,113],"is":[2,15,135],"an":[3,63],"important,":[4],"evolving":[5],"standard":[6],"schema":[7,46,67,126],"language":[8,141],"for":[9,111],"families":[10],"of":[11,21,37,65,130,139,152,164,171],"documents.":[13],"It":[14],"based":[16],"on":[17,136,149,160,175],"a":[18,60,107,161],"complex":[19],"combination":[20],"structural":[22],"and":[23,49,79,120,174,179],"Boolean":[24],"operators,":[25],"including":[26,45,128],"negation,":[27],"as":[28,30],"well":[29],"mutually":[31],"recursive":[32],"variables.":[33],"The":[34],"static":[35],"analysis":[36],"documents":[40],"comprises":[41],"practically":[42],"relevant":[43],"problems,":[44],"satisfiability,":[47,77],"inclusion,":[48,78],"equivalence.":[50],"These":[51],"three":[52],"can":[53],"be":[54,85],"reduced":[55],"to":[56,84,89,155],"witness":[57,97,114],"generation:":[58],"given":[59],"schema,":[61],"generate":[62],"element":[64],"the":[66,137,140,146,150,153,168,172],"\u2014":[68,72],"if":[69],"it":[70],"exists":[71],"otherwise":[73],"report":[74],"unsatisfiability.":[75],"equivalence":[80],"have":[81],"been":[82,102],"shown":[83],"decidable,":[86],"by":[87],"reduction":[88],"reachability":[90],"in":[91,122,157],"alternating":[92],"tree":[93],"automata.":[94],"However,":[95],"no":[96],"generation":[98],"algorithm":[99,110,154],"has":[100],"yet":[101],"formally":[103],"described.":[104],"We":[105,116],"contribute":[106],"first,":[108],"direct":[109],"generation.":[115],"study":[117],"its":[118,177],"effectiveness":[119],"efficiency,":[121],"experiments":[123],"over":[124],"several":[125],"collections,":[127],"thousands":[129],"real-world":[131,165],"schemas.":[132],"Our":[133],"focus":[134],"completeness":[138],"(where":[142],"we":[143],"only":[144],"exclude":[145],"\"uniqueItems\"":[147],"operator),":[148],"ability":[151],"run":[156],"reasonable":[158],"time":[159],"large":[162],"set":[163],"examples,":[166],"despite":[167],"exponential":[169],"complexity":[170],"problem,":[173],"proving":[176],"correctness":[178],"completeness.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2026-03-01T00:00:00"}