{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416223686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800776","title":"Separating QMA from QCMA with a Classical Oracle","display_name":"Separating QMA from QCMA with a Classical Oracle","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416223686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800776"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3798129.3800776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088379993","display_name":"John Bostanci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Bostanci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9666-7114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064304818","display_name":"Jonas Haferkamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-7274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Haferkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-7274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081746541","display_name":"Chinmay Nirkhe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-4994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chinmay Nirkhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-4994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024874638","display_name":"Mark Zhandry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-6272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Zhandry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-6272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01064335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"595","last_page":"606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.6913999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decidability","display_name":"Decidability","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.3228999972343445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.6913999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153269930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430001","display_name":"Decidability","level":2,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3798129.3800776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.09551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09551","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.09551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.09551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.09551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3798129.3800776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3798129.3800776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3010821705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PHY2309135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G458894983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF2144219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G580422165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF2541127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6906809615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-1-036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334164","display_name":"Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, University of California Berkeley","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"construct":[1,45],"a":[2,8,22,36,48,75,111],"classical":[3,37,42],"oracle":[4,43,57],"proving":[5],"that,":[6],"in":[7],"relativized":[9],"setting,":[10],"the":[11,56,62,66,99,107],"set":[12],"of":[13,61,110],"languages":[14],"decidable":[15,31],"by":[16],"an":[17],"efficient":[18],"quantum":[19,23,76],"verifier":[20],"with":[21,32],"witness":[24,38],"(QMA)":[25],"is":[26,46,69,83,95,103],"strictly":[27],"bigger":[28],"than":[29],"those":[30],"access":[33],"only":[34],"to":[35,70,105],"(QCMA).":[39],"The":[40],"separating":[41],"we":[44,51],"for":[47],"decision":[49],"problem":[50],"coin":[52],"spectral":[53,108],"Forrelation":[54],"\u2013":[55],"describes":[58],"two":[59,115],"subsets":[60],"boolean":[63],"hypercube,":[64],"and":[65],"computational":[67],"task":[68],"decide":[71],"if":[72],"there":[73],"exists":[74],"state":[77],"whose":[78],"standard":[79],"basis":[80,92],"measurement":[81,93],"distribution":[82,94],"well":[84,96],"supported":[85,97],"on":[86,98],"one":[87],"subset":[88],"while":[89],"its":[90],"Fourier":[91],"other":[100],"subset.":[101],"This":[102],"equivalent":[104],"estimating":[106],"norm":[109],"\u201cForrelation\u201d":[112],"matrix":[113],"between":[114],"sets":[116],"that":[117],"are":[118],"accessible":[119],"through":[120],"membership":[121],"queries.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}