{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155409947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797552.3797745","title":"GenAI and Critical Thinking in Physical Education: An Empirical Analysis Based on Controlled Experiments","display_name":"GenAI and Critical Thinking in Physical Education: An Empirical Analysis Based on Controlled Experiments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155409947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797552.3797745"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797552.3797745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797552.3797745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797552.3797745","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuangrui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3177-676X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangrui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3177-676X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407546","display_name":"Dong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9861-0172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183816158","display_name":"Zhaoqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/025n5kj18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, ZhaoQing, Guangdong, China,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9861-0172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, ZhaoQing, Guangdong, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790342","display_name":"Shunan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-1849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Chinese Language and Culture, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, Spain,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-1849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Chinese Language and Culture, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, Spain,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017484761","display_name":"Jordi Colomer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-0269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordi Colomer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Girona, Spain, Spain,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9330-0269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Girona, Spain, Spain,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055937385","display_name":"Tong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-7553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161052","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m1gnk07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}],"countries":["JP","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-7553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1225","last_page":"1230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11718","display_name":"Physical Education and Pedagogy","score":0.2522999942302704,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11718","display_name":"Physical Education and Pedagogy","score":0.2522999942302704,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13106","display_name":"Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function","score":0.08799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness","display_name":"Consciousness","score":0.6685000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking","display_name":"Critical thinking","score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.5636000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-processing","display_name":"Information processing","score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-and-control-groups","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186720457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087","display_name":"Consciousness","level":2,"score":0.6685000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.616100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.5636000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4733000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.3528999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186704","display_name":"Critical consciousness","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171525899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17029618","display_name":"Level of consciousness","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38022665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149305","display_name":"Disposition","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118147538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126970","display_name":"Metacognition","level":3,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797552.3797745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797552.3797745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797552.3797745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797552.3797745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8182005882263184,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096764881","https://openalex.org/W2587573685","https://openalex.org/W4241464738","https://openalex.org/W4391432026","https://openalex.org/W4399296724","https://openalex.org/W4400935856","https://openalex.org/W4405367961","https://openalex.org/W4407957791","https://openalex.org/W4408404514"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Against":[0],"the":[1,22,50,54,78,84,105,120,136,164,205],"technological":[2],"optimism":[3],"that":[4,134,177],"\u201cGenerative":[5],"Artificial":[6],"Intelligence":[7],"(GenAI)":[8],"can":[9],"enhance":[10,181],"students\u2019":[11,182],"critical":[12,74,116,170,183,210],"consciousness":[13,75,117,171,184],"in":[14,73,172,185],"physical":[15],"education":[16],"(PE)\u201d,":[17],"this":[18],"study":[19,175],"quantitatively":[20],"verified":[21],"effectiveness":[23],"of":[24,33,115,135,169],"GenAI":[25,97,121,137,142,178,213],"through":[26],"a":[27,110,144,150],"10-week":[28],"controlled":[29],"experiment.":[30],"A":[31],"total":[32],"120":[34],"middle":[35],"school":[36],"students":[37],"were":[38,81],"selected":[39],"as":[40,217],"participants":[41],"and":[42,53,67,96,124,149,156,159,166,198,212,224],"randomly":[43],"divided":[44],"into":[45],"two":[46,60,79],"groups":[47,80],"(n=60":[48],"each):":[49],"GenAI-assisted":[51],"group":[52,108,122,138],"traditional":[55,106],"teaching":[56,107],"group.":[57],"Focusing":[58],"on":[59],"tasks":[61],"(basketball":[62],"3v3":[63],"defensive":[64],"tactic":[65],"optimization":[66],"football":[68],"short-pass":[69],"action":[70,126],"correction),":[71],"differences":[72],"development":[76,192],"between":[77],"compared":[82],"using":[83],"\u201cCritical":[85],"Thinking":[86],"Disposition":[87],"Inventory":[88],"for":[89,208,221],"PE":[90],"(CTDI-CV-PE)\u201d,":[91],"\u201caction":[92],"error":[93,127],"self-correction":[94,128],"rate\u201d,":[95],"system":[98],"technical":[99],"logs.":[100],"The":[101,174],"results":[102],"showed":[103],"that:":[104],"had":[109,143],"significantly":[111],"higher":[112],"comprehensive":[113],"score":[114],"(186.7\u00b121.4)":[118],"than":[119],"(142.3\u00b118.6),":[123],"its":[125,157,191],"rate":[129,148],"(72.5\u00b19.6%)":[130],"was":[131],"1.7":[132],"times":[133],"(41.8\u00b18.3%)":[139],"(both":[140],"p<0.05);":[141],"38%":[145],"situational":[146],"mismatch":[147],"56%":[151],"embodied":[152],"cognition":[153],"matching":[154],"rate,":[155],"\u201ctext-based\u201d":[158],"\u201cstandardized\u201d":[160],"characteristics":[161],"conflicted":[162],"with":[163],"\u201cembodied\u201d":[165],"\u201csituational\u201d":[167],"nature":[168],"PE.":[173],"indicates":[176],"cannot":[179],"effectively":[180],"PE;":[186],"instead,":[187],"it":[188],"may":[189],"weaken":[190],"due":[193],"to":[194],"\u201ccognitive":[195],"outsourcing\u201d,":[196],"\u201cdecontextualization\u201d,":[197],"\u201cembodied":[199],"disconnection\u201d.":[200],"Embodied":[201],"reflective":[202],"practice":[203],"remains":[204],"core":[206],"path":[207],"cultivating":[209],"consciousness,":[211],"is":[214],"more":[215],"suitable":[216],"an":[218],"auxiliary":[219],"tool":[220],"data":[222],"recording":[223],"basic":[225],"information":[226],"provision.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-04-24T00:00:00"}