{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165173002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797248.3816053","title":"Quantum Reinforcement Learning for Air Conditioning Control Based on Variational Quantum Circuits","display_name":"Quantum Reinforcement Learning for Air Conditioning Control Based on Variational Quantum Circuits","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165173002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797248.3816053"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797248.3816053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797248.3816053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797248.3816053","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050286521","display_name":"Harshitta Gandhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5247-2533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harshitta Gandhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5247-2533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101432369","display_name":"Zhipeng Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-2026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-2026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7873161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"120","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.8747000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.8747000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.046300001442432404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.03539999946951866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-system","display_name":"Quantum system","score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.3037000000476837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum system","level":3,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45262634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159291","display_name":"Conditioning","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797248.3816053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797248.3816053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3797248.3816053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3797248.3816053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6945317387580872,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024350433","https://openalex.org/W3133842409","https://openalex.org/W4293029218","https://openalex.org/W4313681565","https://openalex.org/W4320351999","https://openalex.org/W4406355535","https://openalex.org/W4407630591","https://openalex.org/W4411326388","https://openalex.org/W4411346077","https://openalex.org/W4414715176","https://openalex.org/W4414925408"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,137],"present":[1],"a":[2,21,83,105,172,187,193],"novel":[3],"approach":[4],"integrating":[5],"quantum":[6,22,33,97,177,210],"neural":[7],"networks":[8],"with":[9,28,44,143,163,192],"reinforcement":[10],"learning":[11],"(RL)":[12],"for":[13,39,212],"house":[14],"air":[15,64],"conditioning":[16,65],"control.":[17],"Our":[18,204],"framework":[19,170],"employs":[20],"deep":[23],"Q-network":[24],"(QDQN)":[25],"RL":[26,211],"implemented":[27],"PennyLane,":[29],"leveraging":[30],"parameterized":[31,126],"variational":[32],"circuits":[34],"(VQC)":[35],"as":[36],"function":[37,71],"approximators":[38],"Q-values.":[40],"The":[41,58,116],"agent":[42,118],"interacts":[43],"simulated":[45,180],"indoor":[46,158],"thermodynamic":[47],"modelling,":[48],"incorporating":[49],"thermal":[50],"capacity,":[51],"heat":[52],"transfer,":[53],"and":[54,68,75,88,99,128,149],"outdoor":[55,144],"temperature":[56],"variations.":[57],"action":[59],"space":[60],"consists":[61],"of":[62,109,198,209],"discrete":[63],"power":[66],"levels,":[67],"the":[69,93,110,139,169,176,182,207],"reward":[70],"balances":[72],"comfort,":[73],"energy,":[74],"switching":[76],"penalties.":[77],"To":[78,167],"stabilize":[79],"training,":[80],"we":[81],"introduce":[82],"target":[84],"network,":[85],"experience":[86],"replay,":[87],"epsilon-greedy":[89],"exploration.":[90],"QDQN":[91,117],"encodes":[92],"state":[94],"vector":[95],"into":[96],"rotations":[98],"applies":[100],"multi-layer":[101],"entangling":[102],"gates,":[103],"providing":[104],"potentially":[106],"richer":[107],"representation":[108],"environment":[111],"compared":[112],"to":[113,132,154],"classical":[114],"networks.":[115],"uses":[119],"VQC":[120],"architecture.":[121],"It":[122],"incorporates":[123],"data":[124],"re-uploading,":[125],"rotations,":[127],"strongly":[129],"entangled":[130],"qubits":[131],"effectively":[133],"capture":[134],"inter-feature":[135],"correlations.":[136],"demonstrate":[138],"algorithm":[140],"on":[141,181],"episodes":[142],"conditions":[145],"in":[146,171],"both":[147],"winter":[148],"summer":[150],"conditions,":[151],"showing":[152],"convergence":[153],"policies":[155],"that":[156],"maintain":[157],"temperatures":[159],"within":[160],"setpoint":[161],"bounds":[162],"zero":[164],"violation":[165],"rate.":[166],"validate":[168],"real-world":[173,213],"noise":[174],"setting,":[175],"pipeline":[178],"is":[179],"IBM":[183],"Marrakesh":[184],"system,":[185],"featuring":[186],"156-qubit":[188],"Heron":[189],"r2":[190],"processor":[191],"median":[194],"two-qubit":[195],"(CZ)":[196],"error":[197],"approximately":[199],"2.59":[200],"\u00d7":[201],"10\u2212":[202],"3.":[203],"results":[205],"highlight":[206],"promise":[208],"controls.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T20:08:15.867695","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}